Wednesday, 15 August 2012

منديل handkerchief

Etymology of Arabic words: منديل 
(mendil) which means handkerchief comes probably from the greek word μαντηλι (mantili) with the same meaning and which is in use since the second century A.D. In Turkish they use also the word mendil.
  According to Wicktionary the greek word is a Hellinistic loan from the Latin       mantilium/mantelium  which is a diminutive of the word mantile/mantele<manus.

 

القانون Law, Rules

Etymology of Arabic words:  القانون
 (kanun) which means Law, Rules, is a loan word from the Greek language. In Turkish they use kanun with the same meaning. The Greek word is in use since the Homeric period (eight century B.C.) with meaning initially the ''metric ruler'' and later the Rules.
 
 
 
 

موسيقى music

Etymology of Arabic words: موسيقى
(mousica) which means music, is a loan word from the Greek language. The Greek word μουσική (moussiki) is in use since the antiquity and its original meaning was '' the art which is protected by the Muses''.
 
 

فلسفة philosophy

Etymology of Arabic words: فلسفة
=(falsefa) which means philosophy is a loan word from the Greek language. The Greek word is in use since the antiquity and it is composed by the word φίλος (filos=friend) and the word σοφία (shofia=wisdom).
 
 

كيمياء Chemistry

Etymology of Arabic words: كيمياء
=(kimia) which means Chemistry, is of Greek origin. The greek word is χημεία (chimia) and it is used by Zosimos in third century A.D. From the Arab word and the article al , derives the english word alchemy.
 
 
 
The Greek word χημεία in several languages with the help of the Google Translate:

chemie, kimi, كيمياء • (kiimiyaa’) , քիմիա • (kʿimia), kimya, kimika, хімія, hemija, химия, Química, kemija, Kemi, kemio, keemia, kemia, chimie, química, ქიმია, Chimi, כִימְיָה (khímya), kimia, Ceimic, chimica, Chemiae, ķīmija, chemija, хемија, kimia, kjemi, شیمی • (šimi), Chémia, kemija, کیمیا • (kimiyâ), Cemeg
 
 

آفيون opium

Etymology of Arabic words: the word آفيون =(afioni) which means opium is of Greek origin. The greek word is όπιον (opion) which is used at least since the Hellenistic period which derives from the ancient greek word οπός (opos) which means milky juice of the plant. In Turkish they use the word afyon.
 
 

يوناني Greek

Etymology of Arabic words: The word يوناني
=(yunani) means Greek.The above arabic word derives from the greek root Ιωνας (Ionas) a name that was used in the antiquity to name the Greeks/Hellines. In Turkish they use Yunan for the Greek and Yunanistan for Greece. 
 
 

يوناني yunani

Etymology of Arabic words: I am يوناني
=(yunani) and in order to write, I use a قلم
=(kalam) and a دفتر
=(daftar). As a citizen I obey to the القانون
=(kanun) and as an old man I like فلسفة
= (falsefa) and موسيقى
= (mousica)
Finally as I have explained in previous uploads the above arabic words are loans from the Greek language.

وذمة oedema

Etymology of arabic words =وذمة
=(ouadima/ouathima ) means oedema i.e. swelling/swollen and  is probably of Greek origin. The greek word οίδημα (idima) comes from the antiquity and the name of the heroe of Sofocles' tragedy Oedipous had (originally) the meaning of somebody with swollen foot as it is composed from the words edema+ foot.
In Turkish they use the word ödem probably from the same origin.
 
 

فيزياء/علم الفيزياء

Etymology of arabic words: فيزياء/علم الفيزياء
=(alima alphizia /phizia) means Physic(s) has as origin the Greek language. The greek word Φυσική (fissiki) comes from the Antiquity and has as root the word φύση (fissi) which means nature. Famous Greek Philosophers developed at that period (since fifth century B.C.) the knowledge about the nature and mathematics.
 
 

قرميدة rooftile

Etymology of arabic words: the word قرميدة
=(keramida) which means tile , rooftile seems to be from Greek origin. The greek word with the same meaning and phonetically almost identical is κεραμείδι/α (keramidi/a) and comes from the ancient greek word κεραμίς (keramis) and/or κέραμος (keramos) in use till today. In Turkish they use the word kiremit.

  P.S.  Also            قرميد


 

البرج tower

Etymology of arabic words: Maha in a video indicating the Leaning Tower of Pisa , said ,look the البرج
=(bourz) . There are two opinions for the etymology. First that the ancient greek word πύργος (pirgos) is the root of the arabic word and second that the Latin burgus or the arian (germanic) word burg is the right answer. In Turkish they use burç and burgaz. 
P.S. Visit the following:   http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC
 
 
 
 
 
 

خريطة map

Etymology of Arabic words: the word خريطة
=(harita) which means map is probably a loan word from the Greek language in which the word χάρτης (hartis) has the same meaning. The greek word is in use since the antiquity and initially meant papyrus or a roll made thereof. In Turkish they use the word harita.
 
 
 

الكوميديا Comedy

Etymology of Arabic words: the word الكوميديا
=(al coumidia) is the wellknown Comedy which has as root the Greek language. The greek word κωμωδία (comodia) comes from the antiquity and Aristofanes was one of the most representative writers with many(11) theater plays, some of them still today very popular and performed during the summer festivals in Greece and elsewhere. In Turkish they use the word komedi.
 
 
 

علم الطوبوغرافيا Topography

Etymology of Arabic words: the word علم الطوبوغرافيا
=(alima altopografia) which means (the science of) Topography is apparently a loan word from Greek language. The greek word Τοπογραφία (topografia) is composed from the word τόπος (topos) which means place/ site and the word γράφω (grafo) which means write/describe i.e. write down/describe a site on a map. In the Antiquity, according to Wikipedia ,”the Greek geographer, philosopher and historian Στράβων (Stravon) wrote the famous Γεωγραφικά ( Geographica ) in which presented a descriptive history of people and places from different regions of the world known to his era”. In Turkish they use the term topografya.
 
 
 
 
 
 

متر meter/metre

Etymology of Arabic words: the word متر
=(metr) which means meter/metre is a loan word from the Greek language. The greek word is μέτρον (metron) comes from the antiquity and derives from the verb μετρώ (metro) and means to define , to measure. In Turkish they use the term meter.
 
 
 

اخطبوط octopus

 
Etymology of Arabic words: the word اخطبوط
=(ouhtapout) means octopus and is a loan word from the Greek language. The ancient greek word is οκτάπους (oktapous) and is composed from the word οκτώ (okto) which means eight and the word πους (pous) which means foot. In modern Greek we use the word χταπόδι (htapodi). In Turkish they use the word ahtapot. 
 
 
 
 
 

إقليم region

Etymology of Arabic words: the word إقليم
=(iklim) means region (question :does it mean also climate?????) and derives from the greek word κλίμα (klima) which in modern Greek means climate but at the time of the greek astronomer Πτολεμαίος (Ptolemeos)(second century A.D.) and according to his works had the meaning of region, geographical position,slope of the Earth . The greek word κλίμα (klima) derives from the verb κλίνω (klino) which means to incline, to slope. In Turkish they use the word iklim with the meaning of climate.
 
 
 

ناموس law

Etymology of Arabic words: the word ناموس
=(namuus) which means law, code seems to be a loan word from the Greek language. The ancient greek word νόμος (nomos) means law is in use till now and derives from the verb νέμω (nemo) which means distribute, allocate and is in use till now in the legal language with other similars meanings. In Turkish there is a word namus but meaning mainly honor ( the honor of a girl) which reminds me the expression “ code of honor”. 
 
 
 

أفندي sir ,lord

Etymology of Arabic words: the word أفندي
=(afenti) which means sir ,lord, is of Greek origin. The greek word αυθέντης (afthentis) comes from the antiquity and had the meaning of a person who had power on others. In modern greek we use the word αφέντης (afentis) with the same meaning. In Turkish they use the word efenti.
 
 
 

إنجيل gospel/bible

Etymology of Arabic words: the word إنجيل
(intzil) which means gospel/bible, is via probably the Coptic language  from greek origin. The greek word is ευαγγέλιον (evanghelion) has the same meaning and is composed by the words ευ (ef) (=good) and αγγελία (aghelia) (=message).
For the christians the word ευαγγέλιον at the time period when gospel appeared had the meaning of joyous message. The gospel was written in Greek language, which was at that time spoken by many people in Egypt and Palestine. In Turkish they use the word İncil.
 
 
 

ديمقراطية Democracy

Etymology of Arabic words: the word ديمقراطية
=( dimokratia) which means of course Democracy is a loan word from the Greek language. The greek word is Δημοκρατία (dimokratia) comes from the antiquity (fifth century B.C.), has the same meaning and it is composed by the words Δήμος (dimos) which now means borough, municipality but in the antiquity had the meaning of the people of the city and from the word -κρατία (kratia) which is relevant to the meaning of power, management, administration. In Turkish they use the word demokrasi.
 
 
 

جنس gender

Etymology of arabic words =the word جنس
=(jins) which means gender seems to be of Greek origin. The greek word γένος (ghenos) has the same meaning and comes from the antiquity. Note that the greek word belongs to a group of words with the same root lettres i.e. the verb γεννώ (ghenno) =to give birth , similar to the corresponding group of arab words which have the root letters of the verb ولادة
=(oualada) which means also to give birth
In Turkish they use the word cins (gins).
 
 
 
 

الفندق hotel

Etymology of arabic words =the word الفندق
=(alfondouk) which means the hotel seems to be of Greek origin. The ancient greek word is πανδοχείον (pandochion) , had the meaning of the roadside inn and is composed by the words πάν (pan) which means all,everything and the word δοχείον which derives from the verb δέχομαι (dehome) and which means to accept i.e. the meaning of the greek word πανδοχείον was the place which accepts everything (people and animals). Other known names of the old roadside inn is kervansaray or han , which were/are in use in Turkish.
 
 
 

الملغم amalgam

Etymology of Arabic words: the word الملغم
=(almalgam) which means of course amalgam ( melting, merger) has roots from the Greek language via french and latin . The initial greek word (verb) was μαλλάσω (malasso) which means to soften (metal or other materials for working) , to mollify and from which derives the noun μάλαγμα (malagma) . In Turkish they use the word amalgam.




إبليس devil

Etymology of Arabic words: the word إبليس
(iblis) which means devil, satan, seems to have Greek origin. The Greek word διάβολος (diavolos) which has the same meaning, derives from the verb επιβουλεύω (epivoulevo) which means impinge, conspire against, plot against, (the noun being επίβουλος=epivoulos) comes from the antiquity and was the basis on which the seventy Jews scholars made the translation of the word satan comprised in the old testament from Hebrew to Greek in third/second century   B.C.


 In Turkish there are the words iblis and şeytan.




أوقيانوس ocean

Etymology of Arabic words: the word أوقيانوس/
قاموس (oukianous/kamous) which means ocean is probably a loan word from greek. The Greek word ωκεανός (okeanos) with the same meaning, comes from the antiquity and at that time it described a very big river without start and end which surrounded the (at that time known ) world. In Turkish they use the word okyanus. Oceanus (Ωκεανός) was one of the ancient Greek deities ( see below picture).

P.S. In addition to above meaning  قاموس  /أوقيانوس
means  "dictionary" and a good explanation for that seems to be the following site:    http://wordswithoutborders.squarespace.com/



ديكتاتورية dictatorship

Etymology of Arabic words: the word ديكتاتورية
(dictatoria) which means dictatorship is pronounced exactly as the Greek word δικτατορία (dictatoria) but which is a loan word from Latin in which the word is dictatura and which derives from the verb dicto which means to order , to instruct. In Turkish they use the word diktatörlük.




بدروم basement/celar

Etymology of Arabic words: the word بدروم
(bedrum) which means basement/celar is probably a loan word from Greek. The greek word is πέτριον (petrion) which means, made from stone, as it derives from the word πέτρα (petra) which means stone. In Turkish they use the word bodrum (bodrum yeraltı odası).
P.S. Please comments.




متعرجة meander

Etymology of Arabic words: the word متعرجة
(moutariza ?) which means meander , zigzag , winding , is probably from the Greek word μαίανδρος (meantros) with the same meaning. In the Antiquity in Minor Asia (now southwestern Turkey) a river was called Μαίανδρος and its route was with numerous windings and so his name became, and still is, proverbial. From the river's name derived the decorative border constructed from a continuous line, shaped into a repeated motif (see below picture). In Turkish the river is called Büyük Menderes.




الياقوتية هياسينث Hyacinth

Etymology of Arabic words: the words الياقوتية هياسينث
(hiasinath) , (alyakoutia) both mean Hyacinth, (the wellknown flower) seem to be loan words from the Greek language. The greek word υάκινθος (iakinthos) refers to the same flower. In Greek Mythology a divine heroe had the name Υάκινθος who was accidentally killed by his friend/lover, the god Appolo and in the place where he died, Appolo made to be emerged the above flower . In Turkish they use the words Hiyasint, yakut and sümbül (السنبل).




دلفين dolphin

Etymology of Arabic words: the word دلفين
(delphin) which means of course dolphin, is pronounced almost identically as the ancient greek word δελφίνι (delphini) from which is derived. In Greek mythology a dolphin saved the life of Arion (Αρίων) who was a musician (kitharodos) and whose music charmed the dolphins.



تقنية technique

Etymology of Arabic words: the word تقنية
(tekniya) which means technique is a loan word from Greek. The greek word is τεχνική (tehniki) has the same meaning and derives from the ancient word τέχνη (tehni) which means art. Initially the word τέχνη had the meaning of skillfulness and the knowledge of executing a work and later (at the time of Platon) acquired the meaning we know today. In Turkish they use the word teknik. Most of the languages from the european languages till the urdu have adopted the greek word slightly changed.
P.S. Please comments !!!!!




سقراط أفلاطون أرسطو Greek philosophers

Etymology of Arabic words: the words سقراط أفلاطون أرسطو
(Socrat , Aflatoun , Aristou ) are three names , the names of the three famous Greek philosophers of the antiquity Socrates, Plato and Aristotle very well known to the Arab scholars of the past, as many of their works were translated into Arabic helping in this way to save the Greek culture. Later from Arabic were translated into the european languages during the Renaisance period.




الأرثوذكسية Orthodoxy

Etymology of Arabic words: the word الأرثوذكسية
(al-orthodoksia) means Orthodoxy and is pronounced exactly as the greek word ορθοδοξία (orthodoksia) from which derives. The greek word is composed by the word ορθός (orthos) which means correct, proper, just and the word δόξα (doksa) which meant in the antiquity opinion, aspect. In summary the greek word refers to the correct opinion and practice according to specific principles in relation with religion, economy and political matters. In Turkish they use the words
Ortodoksluk and ortodoks.




أتيمولوجيا Etymology

Etymology of Arabic words: the word أتيمولوجيا
(etymologia) which means of course Etymology (the science for the origin of the words) is of greek origin and is pronounced almost as the greek word ετυμολογία (etymologia). The greek word is composed by the word έτυμον (etymon) which means real, authentic meaning and the word λογία (logia) which means “study of “ . In arabic language there is a synonym word which attributes exactly the meaning of the word Etymology علم أصل الكلمة
(alima asilou alkalima ??) which means the science of the origin of the word.
In Turkish they use the word etimoloji.




الفاصوليا beans

Etymology of Arabic words: the word الفاصوليا
(al-fasoulia) means beans ,mainly dry beans , and it is a dish wellknown to all mediterranian countries. The ancient greek word φάσηλος (fasilos) seems to be the root of the latin word phaselus or phaseolus and the above arabic word. Since the Middle Ages we use in greek the word φασόλια/φασούλια (fasolia/fasoulia). In Turkish they use the word fasulye.




الهيدروجين hydrogen

Etymology of Arabic words: the word الهيدروجين
(al-hydrouzin) which means hydrogen, has greek roots. The greek word υδρογόνο (ydrogono) which means the same, is a counter loan from the french language. The french word hydrogène coined in 1787 on the basis of the greek words ὕδρω hydro meaning water and γενῆς genes meaning creator, because hydrogen produces water (H2O) , when comes in contact whith the oxygen . In Turkish they use the word hidrojen.




الأولمبياد Olympiad

Etymology of arabic words =the word الأولمبياد
(al-oulympiad) which means of course Olympiad, derives from the greek word Ολυμπιάδα (olympiada) and this is the initial name for the Olympic Games. The first Ολυμπιάδα was organized in ancient Greece in 776 B.C., in the area of Olympia, in north-west part of Peloponnese/Greece, where was situated a temple of the god Jupiter(Zeus). The year of the first Olympiad served for several centuries as the starting date of the history i.e., it was the equivalent of ours B.C., or A.D. In Turkish it is called Olimpiyat. The first modern Olympic Games was organized in Athens in 1896.




الإكسير elixir

Etymology of arabic words: the word الإكسير
(Al-Ikseer) which means elixir, the so called philosopher's stone, is probably of Greek origin. The greek word is ξήριον (xirion) , derives from the ancient word ξηρός (xeros) ,which means dry, and refered initially to a special powder for the healing of wounds
In use there are the following expressions : Elixir of life. Elixir of love.
In Turkish they use iksir and elixir.




اليوتوبيا utopia

Etymology of arabic words: the word اليوتوبيا
(al-youtopia) means of course utopia and has its roots in the Greek language. The word comes from the Greek: οὐ ("not") and τόπος ("place") and means "no place"and was coined by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia. In Turkish they use the word ütopya.




تكنولوجيا technology

Etymology of arabic words: the word تكنولوجيا
(teknolojia) is one more arabic word with greek origin and means technology. The Greek word technologia (τεχνολογία) means systematic treatment of an art, from technē art, skill + -o- + -logia -logy. According to other sources, the word was formed in the french language on the basis of two greek words : the word τέχνη (techni) which means art and the word -λογία (logia) which means “study of” and/or “reasoning of”. In Turkish they use the word teknoloji.




الدبلومة Diploma

Etymology of arabic words: the word الدبلومة
(al-dibloma) means of course 
Diploma and has its roots in the greek language. The greek word δίπλωμα (thiploma) has the same meaning and derives from the verb διπλώ/διπλώνω which means to fold and hence the initial meaning of the greek word δίπλωμα was folded paper. In Turkish they use the word diploma.




الأنيميا Anemia

Etymology of arabic words: the word الأنيميا
(al-animia) means Anemia and has its roots in the greek language. The greek word is αναιμία (anemia) , is a counter loan from french language and the initial ancient greek word was άναιμος (anemos) meaning “without blood” as it was composed by the privative “α” and the word αίμα (εμα) which means blood. There is also in arabic the expression/word بفقر الدم
(bifacar adem) “Poverty of Blood” and means also Anemia. In Turkish they use the words anemi and kansızlık.




الديماغوجيه demagogue

Etymology of arabic words: the word الديماغوجيه
(al-dimagouzi) which means demagogue/demagog , has greek origin. The greek word δημαγωγός (thimagogos) comes from the antiquity and had the meaning of the popular leader or orator but usally in bad sense i.e., the leader of the mob.The word is formed by two words , the word δήμος (thimos) which means the people of the City/Municipality and the verb άγω (ago) which means “to lead, to guide”. In Turkish they use the word demagog.




بكتيريا bacteria

Etymology of arabic words: the word بكتيريا
(baktirian) means of course bacterium/ bacteria and has greek roots. The greek word βακτήριο (vaktirio) is a counter loan from the french language and is a diminutive of the ancient word βακτηρία (vaktiria) which means staff/cane (acc., to Liddell-Scott) . The explanation given by the greek etymological dictionary “Babiniotis” is that in the microscop the microorganisms, mainly the bacilli, seemed to be like small sticks. In Turkish they use the word bakteri.




بربري Barbarian

Etymology of arabic words: the word بربري
(barbari) means Barbarian and has greek roots . The ancient greek word βάρβαρος (varvaros) has been used for many centuries “” to refer to a person who is perceived to be uncivilized ””(from Wikipedia) or simply all non Greek speaking people (acc., to Liddell-Scott) . Accordind to Babiniotis dictionary the word βάρβαρος (varvaros) was formed initially from the sound of the foreign languages, which were incomprehensible by the Greeks in the antiquity and attributed it as var-var. In Turkish they use the word barbar.



ميدالية فضية medal

Etymology of arabic words: the words Gold medal= (midalia thahabiya) ميدالية ذهبي
Silver medal= (midalia fidiya) ميدالية فضية
Bronze medal= (midalia alburanzia) ميدالية برونزية
comprise the word medal which according to Wikipedia either has a

s origin “” the Latin medalia derived from the adjective medialis meaning "medial" or "middle”” OR “” that medaglia, comes from the Vulgar Latin metallea (moneta) meaning "metal (coin)" and that from Latin metallum, which is the latinisation of the Greek μέταλλον (metallon), "a mine".In Greek we use the word μετάλλιο (metalio). In Turkish they use the word madalya (e.g. altın madalya).

بروتين protein

Etymology of arabic words: the word بروتين
(barouateni ?) means protein and has roots in the greek language. According to Online Etymology Dictionary the word protein derives from the french word proteine coined in 1838 by Dutch chemist Gerhard Johan Mulder on the basis of the greek word proteios (πρωτείος) ="the first quality," from protos (πρώτος) = "first". In Greek we use the word πρωτεΐνη (proteini). In Turkish they use the word protein.



بروستات prostate

Etymology of arabic words: the word بروستات
(brostat) means in medicine (male) prostate ( gland) and via latin and french its root goes to the ancient greek word προστάτης – prostatis which means literally "one who stands before", "protector". The greek word derives from the verb προΐστημι (pro-istιmι) - and is composed from pro- before and histιmi - to stand. In Greek is προστάτης – prostatis and in Turkish is prostat.



ميتافيزيقيا Metaphysics

Etymology of arabic words: the word ميتافيزيقيا
(mitafizikia) means Metaphysics and derives from the Greek word μεταφυσική (metafissiki) which has the same meaning and is composed by the word “μετά” (meta) which means "beyond", "upon" or "after" and the word “φυσική” (fissiki) which of course means “physics”. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world and its founder is considered the Greek philosopher Aristotle. In Turkish they use the word metafizik.


قرنفل Carnation/



Etymology of arabic words: the word قرنفل
(karanful) means the flower Carnation/Cloves and we discover  that it is a loan word from the Greek language. The ancient Greek word is καρυόφυλλο (kariofilo) while the mondern Greek γαρύφαλλο (gharifalo) which is a counter loan from Latin. The scientific name of this flower is Dianthus caryophyllus a name which derive from the third century B.C. Greek botanist Theophrastus who coined the name Dianthus, which means flower of Jupiter ( "άνθος του Διός"). In Turkish they use the word karanfil.