Saturday, 17 November 2012

Mesolithic=ميزوليتية


Mesolithic=ميزوليتية

WIKIPEDIA:
The Mesolithic (Greek: mesos "middle", lithos "stone") is an archaeological concept used to refer to specific groups of archaeological cultures defined as falling between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic. The term developed as a catch-all to refer to material that did not fit into the other categories of prehistory and after the development of radiocarbon dating the arbitrary nature of its definition has become apparent.

Monolith=المنليث حجر ضخم


Monolith=المنليث حجر ضخم

WIKIPEDIA:

A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains, or a single piece of rock placed as, or within, a monument. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are most often made of very hard and solid metamorphic or igneous rock.
The word derives from the Latin word monolithus from the Greek word μονόλιθος (monolithos), derived from μόνος ("one" or "single") and λίθος ("stone").

lithium=الليثيوم


lithium=الليثيوم

WIKIPEDIA:
Lithium (from Greek lithos 'stone') is a soft, silver-white metal with symbol Li and atomic number 3. It belongs to the alkali metal group of chemical elements.

lithosphere=الليثوسفير


lithosphere=الليثوسفير

WIKIPEDIA:

The lithosphere (Ancient Greek: λίθος [lithos] for "rocky", and σφαῖρα [sphaira] for "sphere") is the rigid[1] outermost shell of a rocky planet. On Earth, it comprises the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater.

galaxy=غالاكسي


galaxy=غالاكسي(trademark)

WIKIPEDIA:
The word galaxy derives from the Greek term for our own galaxy, galaxias (γαλαξίας, "milky one"), or kyklos ("circle") galaktikos ("milky")[10] for its appearance in the sky. In Greek mythology, Zeus places his son born by a mortal woman, the infant Heracles, on Hera's breast while she is asleep so that the baby will drink her divine milk and will thus become immortal. Hera wakes up while breastfeeding and then realizes she is nursing an unknown baby: she pushes the baby away and a jet of her milk sprays the night sky, producing the faint band of light known as the Milky Way

xylophone=إكسيليفون


xylophone=إكسيليفون


WIKIPEDIA:
The xylophone (from the Greek words ξύλονxylon, "wood"[1] + φωνήphonē, "sound, voice",[2] meaning "wooden sound") is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden (not steel) bars struck by mallets.

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

xylophone (n.)
1866, coined from Gk. xylon "wood" + phone "a sound" (see fame (n.)).

xenon=إكسينون

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xenon=إكسينون

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

xenon (n.)
gaseous element, 1898, from Gk. xenon, neuter of xenos "foreign, strange" (see guest); coined by its co-discoverer, Scottish chemist Sir William Ramsay (1852-1916); cf. Krypton.

WIKIPEDIA:
Xenon is a chemical element with the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, heavy, odorless noble gas, that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts.



 http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/element.php?num=54






photosphere=الفوتوسفير


photosphere=الفوتوسفير


WIKIPEDIA:
The photosphere of an astronomical object is the region from which externally received light originates. The term itself is derived from Ancient Greek roots, φῶς, φωτός/phos, photos meaning "light" and σφαῖρα/sphaira meaning "sphere", in reference to the fact that it is a spheric surface perceived to emit light. It extends into a star's surface until the gas becomes opaque, equivalent to an optical depth of approximately 2/3.[1] In other words, a photosphere is the deepest region of a luminous object, usually a star, that is transparent to photons of certain wavelengths.

chromosphere=الكروموسفير


chromosphere=الكروموسفير

WIKIPEDIA:

The chromosphere (literally, "sphere of colour") is the second of the three main layers in the Sun's atmosphere and is roughly 2,000 kilometers deep. It sits just above the photosphere and just below the solar transition region.


ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
chromosphere (n.)
1868, from chromo-, from Gk. khroma "color" (see chroma) + -sphere. So called for its redness.
chroma (n.)
"quality or intensity of color," 1889, from Gk. khroma "surface of the body, skin, color of the skin, color," related to khros "surface of the body, skin," khrozein "to touch the surface of the body, to tinge, to color," explained as being somehow from PIE *ghreu- "to rub, grind" (see grit (n.)).
sphere (n.)
1530s, restored spelling of M.E. spere (c.1300) "space, conceived as a hollow globe about the world," from O.Fr. espere (13c.), from L. sphæra "globe, ball, celestial sphere," from Gk. sphaira "globe, ball," of unknown origin.



chromatography=كروماتوغرافيا


chromatography=كروماتوغرافيا

WIKIPEDIA:
Chromatography [|krəʊmə|tɒgrəfi] (from Greek χρῶμα chroma "color" and γράφειν graphein "to write") is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures.


ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
chromatography (n.)
1731, from chromato-, Latinized comb. form of Gk. khroma (gen. khromatos) "color" (see chroma), denoting "color" or "chromatin" + -graphy.

chroma (n.)
"quality or intensity of color," 1889, from Gk. khroma "surface of the body, skin, color of the skin, color," related to khros "surface of the body, skin," khrozein "to touch the surface of the body, to tinge, to color," explained as being somehow from PIE *ghreu- "to rub, grind" (see grit (n.)).
-graphy
word-forming element meaning "process of writing or recording" or "a writing, recording, or description," from French or Ger. -graphie, from Gk. -graphia "description of," from graphein "write, express by written characters," earlier "to draw, represent by lines drawn," originally "to scrape, scratch" (on clay tablets with a stylus), from PIE root *gerbh- "to scratch, carve" (see carve). In modern use, especially in forming names of descriptive sciences.


kilobyte=كيلو بايت

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kilobyte=كيلو بايت

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

kilobyte (n.)
1970, from kilo- + byte.

ALSO: kilowatt=      كيلووات
               kiloton=         كيلوطن
             kilometer=     كيلو متر

kilo-
word-forming element meaning "one thousand," introduced in French 1795, when the metric system was officially adopted there, from Gk. khilioi /χίλιοι   "thousand," of unknown origin.


byte (n.)
1956, American English; see bit (n.2). Reputedly coined by Dr. Werner Buchholz at IBM.

kerosene=كيروسين

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kerosene=كيروسين

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

kerosene
1852, coined irregularly by Canadian geologist Abraham Gesner (1797-1864), who discovered how to distill it c.1846, from Gk. keros /κηρός  "wax" + chemical suffix -ene. So called because it contains paraffin (hence the British English name, paraffin oil).
WIKIPEDIA:
Kerosene is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid. The name is derived from Greek keros (κηρός wax).






charisma=كاريزما

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charisma=كاريزما

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

charisma (n.)
"gift of leadership, power of authority," c.1930, from German, used in this sense by Max Weber (1864-1920) in "Wirtschaft u. Gesellschaft" (1922), from Gk. kharisma /χάρισμα  "favor, divine gift," from kharizesthai/χαρίζεσθαι  "to show favor to," from kharis/χάρις "grace, beauty, kindness" (Charis/Χάρις  was the name of one of the three attendants of Aphrodite/Αφροδίτη) related to khairein/χαίρειν "to rejoice at," from PIE root *gher- "to desire, like" (see hortatory). More mundane sense of "personal charm" recorded by 1959.

Earlier, the word had been used in English with a sense of "grace, talent from God" (1875), directly from Latinized Greek; and in the form charism (pl. charismata) it is attested in English from 1640s. Middle English, meanwhile, had karisme "spiritual gift, divine grace" (c.1500).

pericardium=بيريكارديوم

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pericardium=بيريكارديوم

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

pericardium (n.)
early 15c., Latinized form of Gk. Perikardion (περικάρδιον) "(membrane) around the heart" (Galen), from peri (prep.) "around, about" (see peri-) + kardia (καρδία) "heart" (see heart). Related: Pericardiac.


peri-
word-forming element meaning "around, about, enclosing," from Gk. Peri/περί (prep.) "around, about, beyond," cognate with Skt. pari "around, about, through," L. per (see per).

pericarditis (n.)
1799, from pericardium + -itis.


chalcopyrite=كالكوبايرايت


chalcopyrite=كالكوبايرايت



WICTIONARY:

From the Greek χαλκός (khalkos) "copper", and pyrites. Named by Johann Friedrich Henckel 1725.[1]


WIKIPEDIA


From Middle English coper, from Old English coper, copor (“copper”), from Late Latin cuprum (“copper”), contraction of Latin (aes) Cyprium (literally “brass of Cyprus”), from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kupros, “Cyprus”). Cognate with Dutch koper (“copper”), German Kupfer (“copper”), Icelandic kopar (“copper”).




recorded since 1555, from Old French (=modern) pyrite (12c.), from Latin pyrites, from Ancient Greek πυρίτης λιθός (pyrites lithos) "stone of fire, flint" (so called because it glitters), notably the first part: adjective πυρίτης (puritēs, “of or in fire”), from πῦρ (pur, “fire”)