الدفتيريا diphtheria

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word الدفتيريا

(defeteria) means diphtheria

(Wikipedia: Diphtheria (Greek διφθέρα (diphthera) "pair of leather scrolls") is an upper respiratory tract illness)

and has greek roots, as the french word diphtherie was formed on the basis of the greek word διφθερίας (diphtherias) which means the one (somebody) who is wearing a poncho from processed skin.

P.S. Note that the root diphthera has given another wellknown word in Arabic i.e. The notebook=“daftar”= دفتر.

قيثارة guitar

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word قيثارة‎ 

(kithara) means guitar and derives from the greek word κιθάρα (kithara).    In Turkish is gitar.

اسفنج sponge

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word اسفنج

(isfanz) means sponge (see: ttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge) and derives from the greek word σπόγγος.

الجلوكوما glaucoma

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word الجلوكوما

(ziloukouma?) means glaucoma (Wikipedia:Glaucoma is an eye disease in which the optic nerve is damaged in a characteristic pattern) and derives from the greek word  γλαύκωμα (glafkoma) which stems from the ancient verb γλαυκούμαι (glafkoume) and the word γλαυκός (glafkos) meaning “'bright blue””.

تراخوما trachoma

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word تراخوما

(trahouma) means trachoma (WIKIPEDIA:Trachoma (Greek: τράχωμα, ‘roughness’) is an infectious disease caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium which produces a characteristic roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids) and derives from the greek word τράχωμα which is composed from the word τραχύς(trahis) meaning ragged/rough/coarse and the suffix -ωμα (ομα).

بَلَد‎ Country

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word بَلَد‎

(balad) means Country (city as well, mainly now in Hebrew) and according to Wictionary and the Turkish Dictionary derives from the greek word παλάτιον (palation) or the older Latin word Palatium which means the seat/house of the King or Ruler.

سفود skewer, kebab

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word سفود

(safoud) means “skewer, kebab” and according to AED Dictionary derives from the greek language and especially from the ancient word “σποδός” (spodos) meaning “ashes”.In mondern greek we use the word “σουβλάκι”.

الأسقف Bishop

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word الأسقف

(ouskouf) means Bishop (is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight) and seems that it derives from the greek word επίσκοπος (episkopos). The initial meaning of the greek word was “guard, supervisor, superintendent” and it was composed from the prefix επί- meaning “on,over” and the word σκοπός meaning “sentry”.

الرمح Spear

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word الرمح

(rumh) means Spear and according to AED has roots to the greek word λόγχη (longhi) which has the same meaning and comes from the antiquity.

P.S. Please comments.

فينيكس phoenix

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word فينيكس

(finiks) means phoenix and seems that it derives from the ancient greek word Φοίνιξ (finiks) which referred to the mythical bird which is reborn from its ashes. The same myth was in ancient Egypt according to Herodotus.

قرنبيط cauliflower

Etymology of Arabic words: the word قرنبيط

(karnabit) means cauliflower and according to AED Dictionary derives from the greek word κουνουπίδι (kounoupidi) which is a diminutive of the ancient word κάνωπον (kanopon).

القنب cannabis

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word القنب

(qinnab,qunnab) means cannabis (Wikipedia:Cannabis is an annual, dioecious, flowering herb. The leaves are palmately compound or digitate, with serrate leaflets) derives from the ancient greek word κάνναβη/κάνναβις (cannavis) which is probably a loan word in the Antiquity from the old languages of Scythian or Thracian.

الزنجفر cinnabar

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word الزنجفر

(zinzafr) means cinnabar ( is the common ore of mercury) and derives from the greek language. The name comes from κινναβαρι (kinnabari), a Greek word most likely applied by Theophrastus to several distinct substances.

P.S.
Theophrastus (Greek: Θεόφραστος; c. 371 – c. 287 BC^[1]), a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos, was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school