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Αλμαγέστη=Almagest=المجسطي

Wiktionary

Etymology

Arabic المجسطي (al-majisṭī, “almagest”), which is an addition of the Arabic definite article to a transliteration of Ancient Greek μεγίστη (“greatest”)

WIKIPEDIA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagest

Η Αλμαγέστη αποτελεί το μεγαλύτερο και σημαντικότερο αστρονομικό σύγγραμμα της Αρχαιότητας, η αυθεντία του οποίου διατηρήθηκε μέχρι τον δέκατο έκτο αιώνα. Αποτελεί την κύρια πηγή στην οποία ανατρέχουν οι αστρονόμοι μέχρι και σήμερα για ιστορικά δεδομένα, καθόσον υπήρξε ο βασικός αστρονομικός οδηγός για περίπου μιάμιση χιλιετία.

The Almagest is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths. Written in Greek by Claudius Ptolemy, a Roman era scholar of Egypt, it is one of the most influential scientific texts of all time, with its geocentric model accepted for more than twelve hundred years from its origin in Hellenistic Alexandria, in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds, and in Western Europe through the Middle Ages and early Renaissance until Copernicus.

The Almagest is the critical source of information on ancient Greek astronomy. It has also been valuable to students of mathematics because it documents the ancient Greek mathematician Hipparchus's work, which has been lost. Hipparchus wrote about trigonometry, but because his works are no longer extant, mathematicians use Ptolemy's book as their source for Hipparchus' works and ancient Greek trigonometry in general.

The treatise's conventional Greek title is Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις (Mathēmatikē Syntaxis), and the treatise is also known by the Latin form of this, Syntaxis mathematica

Claudius Ptolemy ( /ˈtɒləmi/; Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaudios Ptolemaios; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD 90 – AD 168) was a Greek-Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek.[1] He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology.[2][3] He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the Thebaid

Ptolemy was the author of several scientific treatises, at least three of which were of continuing importance to later Islamic and European science. The first is the astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest (in Greek, Ἡ Μεγάλη Σύνταξις, "The Great Treatise", originally Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις, "Mathematical Treatise"). The second is the Geography, which is a thorough discussion of the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise known sometimes in Greek as the Apotelesmatika (Ἀποτελεσματικά), more commonly in Greek as the Tetrabiblos (Τετράβιβλος "Four books"), and in Latin as the Quadripartitum (or four books) in which he attempted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day.

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY

almagest (n.)

late 14c., title of a treatise on astronomy by Claudius Ptolemy of Alexandria, extended in Middle English to other works on astrology or astronomy, from Old French almageste (13c.), from Arabic al majisti, from al "the" + Greek megiste "the greatest (composition)," from fem. of megistos, superlative of megas "great" (see mickle). Originally titled in Greek Megale syntaxis tes astronomios "Great Work on Astronomy;" Arab translators in their admiration altered this.