Friday, 16 November 2012

isomer=أيسومر

-->
-->
isomer= ايزومير     /  أيسومر


ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

isomer (n.)
1866, back formation from isomeric; cf. Gk. isomeres "sharing equality," from iso- (see iso-) + meros "part, share" (see merit (n.)).
iso-
word-forming element meaning "equal, similar, identical; isometric," from comb. form of Gk. isos "equal to, the same as" (e.g. isometor "like one's mother"). Used properly only with words of Greek origin; the Latin equivalent is equi- (see equi-).

merit (n.)
c.1200, "spiritual credit" (for good works, etc.); c.1300, "spiritual reward," from O.Fr. merite "wages, pay, reward; thanks; merit, moral worth, that which assures divine pity," and directly from L. meritum "a merit, service, kindness, benefit, favor; worth, value, importance," neuter of meritus, pp. of merere, meriri "to earn, deserve, acquire, gain," from PIE root *(s)mer- "to allot, assign" (cf. Gk. meros "part, lot," moira "share, fate," moros "fate, destiny, doom," Hittite mark "to divide" a sacrifice).

WIKIPEDIA


In chemistry, isomers (pronounced /ˈaɪsəmə(ɹ)z/; from Greek ἰσομερής, isomerès; isos = "equal", méros = "part") are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.[1] Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties, unless they also have the same functional groups. There are many different classes of isomers, like stereoisomers, enantiomers, geometrical isomers, etc. (see chart below). There are two main forms of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism (spatial isomerism).


Isotactic=الأيزوتاكتيك


Isotactic=الأيزوتاكتيك

WIKIPEDIA

Isotactic polymers are composed of isotactic macromolecules (IUPAC definition).[3] In isotactic macromolecules all the substituents are located on the same side of the macromolecular backbone.

Tacticity (from Greek 'taktikos': of or relating to arrangement or order) is the relative stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centers within a macromolecule

isotropic=آيزوتروبي

-->
isotropic=آيزوتروبي

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

isotropic (adj.)
1864, from iso- + Gk. tropikos "belonging to a turning," from tropos "a turning, way, manner" (see trope).

iso-
word-forming element meaning "equal, similar, identical; isometric," from comb. form of Gk. isos "equal to, the same as" (e.g. isometor "like one's mother"). Used properly only with words of Greek origin; the Latin equivalent is equi- (see equi-).
trope (n.)
1530s, from L. tropus "a figure of speech," from Gk. tropos "turn, direction, turn or figure of speech," related to trope "a turning" and trepein "to turn," from PIE root trep- "to turn" (cf. Skt. trapate "is ashamed, confused," prop. "turns away in shame;" L. trepit "he turns"). Technically, in rhetoric, a figure of speech which consists in the use of a word or phrase in a sense other than that which is proper to it.


 
WIKIPEDIA:

Isotropy is uniformity in all orientations; it is derived from the Greek isos (ίσος, equal) and tropos (τρόπος, manner). Precise definitions depend on the subject area. Exceptions, or inequalities, are frequently indicated by the prefix an, hence anisotropy. Anisotropy is also used to describe situations where properties vary systematically, dependent on direction. Isotropic radiation has the same intensity regardless of the direction of measurement, and an isotropic field exerts the same action regardless of how the test particle is oriented.

hologram=الهولوغرام


hologram=الهولوغرام

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:


hologram (n.)
1949, coined by Hungarian-born British scientist Dennis Gabor (Gábor Dénes), 1971 Nobel prize winner in physics for his work in holography; from Gk. holos "whole" (in sense of three-dimensional; see safe (adj.)) + -gram.
holography (n.)
early 19c., of writing, from holograph + -y (1); physics sense, "process of using holograms," is from 1964, from hologram on analogy of telegraphy/telegram.

WIKIPEDIA

Holography (from the Greek ὅλος hólos, "whole" + γραφή grafē, "writing, drawing") is a technique which enables three-dimensional images to be made. It involves the use of a laser, interference, diffraction, light intensity recording and suitable illumination of the recording.


hydrocarbon=الهيدروكربون

-->
hydrocarbon=الهيدروكربون

WIKIPEDIA

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon


ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

hydrocarbon (n.)
"compound of hydrogen and carbon," 1826, formed in English from hydrogen + carbon.


hydrogen (n.)
1791, from Fr. hydrogène, coined 1787 by G. de Morveau, Lavoisier, Berthollet, and Fourcroy from Gk. hydr-, stem of hydros "water" (see water (n.1)) + Fr. -gène "producing" (see -gen). So called because it forms water when exposed to oxygen. Nativized in Russian as vodorod; in German, it is wasserstoff, "water-stuff." An earlier name for it in English was Cavendish's inflammable air (1767). Hydrogen bomb first recorded 1947; shortened form H-bomb is from 1950.
carbon (n.)
non-metallic element, 1789, coined 1787 in French by Lavoisier as charbone, from L. carbo (gen. carbonis) "glowing coal, charcoal," from PIE root *ker- "heat, fire, to burn" (cf. L. cremare "to burn;" Skt. krsna "black, burnt," kudayati "singes;" Lith. kuriu "to heat," karštas "hot," krosnis "oven;" O.C.S. kurjo "to smoke," krada "fireplace, hearth;" Rus. ceren "brazier;" O.H.G. harsta "roasting;" Goth. hauri "coal;" O.N. hyrr "fire;" O.E. heorð "hearth").

Carbon 14, long-lived radioactive isotope used in dating organic deposits, is from 1936. Carbon dating (using carbon 14) is recorded from 1958. Carbon cycle is attested from 1912. Carbon footprint was in use by 2001. Carbon paper (soon to be obsolete) is from 1895.
WICTIONARY

From Ancient Greek ὑδρο- (hydro-), from ὕδωρ (hydor, "water")

P.S.  Also                  
hydrocortisone=الهيدروكورتيزون
                     


heretic=الهراطقة

-->
heretic=الهراطقة
                                                        heresy
     
ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

heretic (n.)
mid-14c., from O.Fr. eretique (14c., Mod.Fr. hérétique), from Church L. haereticus, from Gk. hairetikos "able to choose," the verbal adjective of hairein (see heresy).


heresy (n.)
"an opinion of private men different from that of the catholick and orthodox church" [Johnson], c.1200, from O.Fr. heresie (12c.), from L. hæresis, "school of thought, philosophical sect," used by Christian writers for "unorthodox sect or doctrine," from Gk. hairesis "a taking or choosing, a choice," from haireisthai "take, seize," middle voice of hairein "to choose," of unknown origin, perhaps from PIE *ser- "to seize" (cf. Hittite šaru "booty," Welsh herw "booty").

The Greek word was used in the New Testament in reference to the Sadducees, Pharisees, and even the Christians, as sects of Judaism, but in English bibles it usually is translated sect. Meaning "religious belief opposed to the orthodox doctrines of the Church" evolved in Late Latin in the Dark Ages. Transferred (non-religious) use from late 14c.



WIKIPEDIA:

The term heresy is from Greek αἵρεσις originally meant "choice", but also referred to that process whereby a young person would examine various philosophies to determine how to live one's life. The word "heresy" is usually used within a Christian, Jewish, or Islamic context, and implies slightly different meanings in each.




BABINIOTIS(dictionary)





 






hemoglobin=الهيموغلوبين


hemoglobin=الهيموغلوبين

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

hemoglobin
coloring matter in red blood stones, 1862, shortening of hæmatoglobin (1845), from Gk. haimato-, comb. form of haima (gen. haimatos) "blood" (see -emia) + globulin, a type of simple protein, from globule, formerly a word for "corpuscle of blood."



-emia
word-forming element in medicine meaning "condition of the blood," Modern Latin comb. form of Gk. haima (gen. haimatos) "blood," possibly from PIE root *sai- "thick liquid."

globule (n.)
1660s, from Fr. globule, from L. globulus, dim. of globus "globe" (see globe).

Thursday, 15 November 2012

hematite=الهيماتيت

-->
hematite=الهيماتيت

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

hematite (n.) 
1540s, haematites, from M.Fr. hematite (16c.), from L. haematites, from Gk. haimatites lithos "bloodlike stone," from haima (gen. haimatos) "blood" (see -emia). Earlier as emachite (late 14c.).

WICTIONARY

From Middle French hematite, from Latin (lapis) haematites, from Ancient Greek αἱματίτης λίθος (haimatitēs lithos, “blood-red stone”), from αἷμα (haima, “blood”).

hectare=الهكتار


hectare=الهكتار

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

hectare
1810, from Fr. hectare "a hundred ares," formed from Gk. hekaton "hundred" (see hecatomb) + L. area "vacant piece of ground" (see area). A superficial measure containing 100 ares, coined by decree of the French National Convention in 1795.


WICTIONARY
From French hectare, formed from Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekaton, “hundred”) + are.

gnostic=الغنوصي


gnostic=الغنوصي

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:


Gnostic (n.)
1580s, "believer in a mystical religious doctrine of spiritual knowledge," from L.L. Gnosticus, from Late Gk. Gnostikos, noun use of adj. gnostikos "knowing, able to discern," from gnostos "knowable," from gignoskein "to learn, to come to know" (see know). Applied to various early Christian sects that claimed direct personal knowledge beyond the Gospel or the Church hierarchy.


WICTIONARY

From French gnostique, from Ancient Greek γνωστικός (gnōstikos, “relating to knowledge”), from γνωστός (gnōstos, “known”), from γιγνώσκω (gignōskō, “I know”).

gnosticism=غنوصيه


gnosticism=غنوصيه

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
Gnosticism (n.)
1660s, from Gnostic + -ism.

Gnostic (n.)
1580s, "believer in a mystical religious doctrine of spiritual knowledge," from L.L. Gnosticus, from Late Gk. Gnostikos, noun use of adj. gnostikos "knowing, able to discern," from gnostos "knowable," from gignoskein "to learn, to come to know" (see know). Applied to various early Christian sects that claimed direct personal knowledge beyond the Gospel or the Church hierarchy.

-ism
suffix forming nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine, from Fr. -isme or directly from L. -isma, -ismus, from Gk. -isma, from stem of verbs in -izein. Used as an independent word, chiefly disparagingly, from 1670s.


WICTIONARY

From French gnostique, from Ancient Greek γνωστικός (gnōstikos, “relating to knowledge”), from γνωστός (gnōstos, “known”), from γιγνώσκω (gignōskō, “I know”).

gigahertz=غيغا هرتز


gigahertz=غيغا هرتز

WICTIONARY
giga- +‎ hertz

From Ancient Greek γίγας (gigas, “giant”); cognate to giant.


hertz (plural hertz or hertzes)
  1. In the International System of Units, the derived unit of frequency; one (period or cycle of any periodic event) per second. Symbol: Hz



geochemistry=الجيوكيمياء


geochemistry=الجيوكيمياء

The Arabic word derives from the greek language and the words γαία=earth and χημεία=chemistry

WICTIONARY

The branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, and with the chemical processes that occur in the formation of rocks and minerals etc.

WIKIPEDIA:

The term geochemistry was first used by the Swiss-German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838.

gene=جينة


gene=جينة

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

1911, from Ger. Gen, coined 1905 by Danish scientist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (1857-1927), from Gk. genea "generation, race" (see genus). De Vries had earlier called them pangenes. Gene pool is attested from 1950.


WICTIONARY

From German Gen, coined by Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”) from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”).

chromosome=كروموسوم


chromosome=كروموسوم
ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

chromosome (n.)
1889, from Ger. Chromosom, coined 1888 by German anatomist Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836-1921), from Latinized form of Gk. khroma "color" (see chroma) + soma "body." So called because the structures contain a substance that stains readily with basic dyes.


WICTIONARY

19th century: from German Chromosom, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khroma, “colour”) + σῶμα (“body”) (because they are stained under the microscope).

genome=جينوم



genome=جينوم

WICTIONARY
genome
From German Genom; gene +‎ -ome

gene
From German Gen, coined by Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”) from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”).


ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
genome (n.)
"sum total of genes in a set," 1930, modeled on Ger. genom, coined 1920 by German botanist Hans Winkler, from gen "gene" + (chromos)om "chromosome."



gene (n.)
1911, from Ger. Gen, coined 1905 by Danish scientist Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (1857-1927), from Gk. genea "generation, race" (see genus). De Vries had earlier called them pangenes. Gene pool is attested from 1950.

microphone=ميكروفون

-->
microphone=ميكروفون
ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
microphone (n.)
1680s, "ear trumpet for the hard-of-hearing," coined from Gk. mikros "small" (see mica) + phone "sound" (see fame (n.)). Modern meaning dates from 1929, from use in radio broadcasting and movie recording. Earlier, "amplifying telephone transmitter" (1878). Of the two spellings of the short form of the word, mike (1927) is older than mic (1961).


 WICTIONARY     -phone
From Ancient Greek φωνή (phone, sound), related to fame.

hemophilia=الهيموفيليا


hemophilia=الهيموفيليا


ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

hemophilia
1854 (in anglicized form hæmophily), from Ger. hämophile, coined 1828 by German physician Johann Lucas Schönlein (1793-1864), from Gk. haima "blood" (see -emia) + philia "to love" (see -philia), here with a sense of "tendency to."

-emia
word-forming element in medicine meaning "condition of the blood," Modern Latin comb. form of Gk. haima (gen. haimatos) "blood," possibly from PIE root *sai- "thick liquid."

-philia
word-forming element meaning "friendship, fondness, tendency toward," and in recent use "abnormal attraction to," from Gk. philia "affection," from philos "loving," of uncertain origin. Related: -philic.

philharmonic=الفيلهارمونية


philharmonic=الفيلهارمونية

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

philharmonic (adj.)
1813 (in the name of a society founded in London for the promotion of instrumental music), from Fr. philharmonique (1739), from It. filarmonico, lit. "loving harmony," from Gk. philos "loving" see philo-) + ta harmonika "theory of harmony, music," from neuter plural of harmonikos (see harmonic). The Society name was taken up in the names of many symphony orchestras.
philo-
before vowels phil-, word-forming element meaning "loving, fond of, tending to," from Gk. philo-, comb. form of philos "dear" (adj.), "friend" (n.), from philein "to love," of unknown origin. Productive of a great many compounds in ancient Greek.

harmonic (adj.)
1560s, "relating to music;" earlier (c.1500) armonical "tuneful, harmonious," from L. harmonicus, from Gk. harmonikos "harmonic, musical, skilled in music," from harmonia (see harmony). Meaning "relating to harmony" is from 1660s. The noun, short for harmionic tone, is recorded from 1777.
harmony (n.)
late 14c., from O.Fr. armonie "harmony," also the name of a musical instrument (12c.), from L. harmonia, from Gk. harmonia "agreement, concord of sounds," also as a proper name, the personification of music, lit. "means of joining," used of ship-planks, etc., also "settled government, order," related to harmos "fastenings of a door; shoulder," from PIE *ar-ti-, from *ar- "to fit together" (see arm (n.1)). Musical sense is oldest in English; that of "agreement of feeling, concord" is from late 14c.