Heraclitus, also known as
Heraclitus the Black, the Obscure, and the Weeping Philosopher for
his negative outlook and mysterious sayings. What little we have of
Heraclitus’ work exists in short sayings open to multiple
interpretation. He is famous for the saying ‘You cannot step in the
same river twice.’ Is this because the river will have changed
between steps, or you will have? Another of his sayings was
‘Everything flows.’ Little of his work survives today but he was
well-known in antiquity and was influential on later philosophers. In
his later days he suffered from dropsy, accumulation of fluid under
the skin. In an effort to cure this he plastered himself in cow dung
and lay in the sun hoping to drive the fluid off. After a day, he
died.
WIKIPEDIA
Heraclitus of
Ephesus (Greek:
Ἡράκλειτος ὁ Ἐφέσιος—Hērákleitos
ho Ephésios; c. 535 – c. 475 BCE) was a
pre-Socratic
Greek
philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus,
Ionia, on the coast
of Asia Minor.
Panta rhei, "everything flows"
Πάντα ῥεῖ (panta rhei) "everything flows" either was not spoken by Heraclitus or did not survive as a quotation of his. This famous aphorism used to characterize Heraclitus' thought comes from Simplicius,[30] a neoplatonist, and from Plato's Cratylus. The word rhei (cf. rheology) is the Greek word for "to stream, and to the etymology of Rhea according to Plato's Cratylus."[31]τὰ ὄντα ἰέναι τε πάντα καὶ μένειν οὐδέν”and in 402,a[34]
Ta onta ienai te panta kai menein ouden
"All entities move and nothing remains still"
"πάντα χωρεῖ καὶ οὐδὲν μένει" καὶ "δὶς ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμὸν οὐκ ἂν ἐμβαίης"
Panta chōrei kai ouden menei kai dis es ton auton potamon ouk an embaies
"Everything changes and nothing remains still ... and ... you cannot step twice into the same stream"[35]
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