الإسكندر الأكبر

Etymology of Arabic words: ........ الإسكندر الأكبر

(al-iskenter al-akbar) means.........“Alexander the Great” or in Greek .......................... ο Μέγας Αλέξανδρος

and the word/name................ المقدوني (al makdouni) means the Macedonian and  derives according to Arabic Etymological Dictionary from the greek word Μακεδών (makedon).

                           
 

بلغم phlegm

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word بلغم

(balgham) means phlegm and derives from the greek word φλέγμα (fleghma) meaning mainly the stuff( mucus) and ifflamation , which derives from the ancient verb φλέγω (flegho) meaning “to burn”.In Turkish they use the word balgam.

The same applies for the word بلغمي=phlegmatic.

الماس Diamond

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Etymology of Arabic words: the word الماس

(mas) means Diamond/adamant the hardest material and it is probably a loan word from the Greek language. The old greek word is αδάμας (adamas) has the same meaning and derives from the verb δάμνημι (damnimi) meaning “to tame”(modern greek = δαμάζω), hence the word αδάμας (adamas) stated that the material was the hardest.In greek now we use also the word διαμάντι (diamanti) which is a counter loan from Latin. In Turkish they use the word elmas.

P.S.In the Google translator I see also the word دايموند (daimounat) with the same meaning as above.