ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- Scythian
- 1540s, from L. Scythia, from Gk. Skythia "ancient region along the north coast of the Black Sea," from Skythes "a Scythian."
Friday, 14 December 2012
Scythian=السكيثيين
Scorpio=سكوربيو
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- zodiacal constellation, late 14c., from L. scorpio "scorpion" (see scorpion). The meaning "person born under or ruled by the sign of Scorpio" is recorded from 1968.
- scorpion (n.)
- early 13c., from O.Fr. scorpion, from L. scorpionem (nom. scorpio), extended form of scorpius, from Gk. skorpios "a scorpion," from PIE root *(s)ker- "to cut" (see shear). The Spanish alacran "scorpion" is from Arabic al-'aqrab.
scleroderma=سكليرودرما
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- "skin beneath the epidermis," 1706, from Mod.L. derma, from Gk. derma (gen. dermatos) "skin," from PIE root *der- "to split, peel, flay" (see tear (v.)).
- "morbid hardening of the tissue," late 14c., from M.L. sclirosis "a hardness, hard tumor," from Gk. sklerosis "hardening," from skleros "hard," related to skellein "to dry up, parch," from PIE *skle-ro-, from root *skele- "to parch, wither."
Schist=الشست صخر متبلر
Schist=الشست
صخر متبلر
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- 1795 (earlier schistus, c.1600), from Fr. schiste, from L. schistos lapis "stone that splits easily" (Pliny), from Gk. skhistos "divided, separated," from skhizein "to split" (see shed (v.)). The rock splits easily in layers. Liddell and Scott says Greek skhistos lithos was "probably talc."
Thursday, 13 December 2012
scenario=السيناريو
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- 1878, "sketch of the plot of a play," from It. scenario, from L.L. scenarius "of stage scenes," from L. scena "scene" (see scene). Meaning "imagined situation" is first recorded 1962.
- 1530s, "subdivision of an act
of a play," also "stage-setting," from M.Fr. scène
(14c.), from L. scaena, scena "scene, stage," from Gk.
skene "scene, stage," originally "tent or booth,"
related to skia "shadow, shade," via notion of "something
that gives shade," from PIE root *skai- "to shine,
flicker, glimmer" (see shine).
Meaning "place in which the action of a literary work occurs" is attested from 1590s; general sense (non-literary) is recorded from 1590s. U.S. slang sense of "setting or milieu for a specific group or activity" is attested from 1951 in Beat jargon. Meaning "stormy encounter between two or more persons" is attested from 1761. Behind the scenes (1660s) is an image from the theater, "amid actors and stage machinery" (where patrons are not admitted). Scene of the crime (1923) first attested in Agatha Christie.
sardine=سمك السردين
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- sardine (n.)
- early 15c., from L. sardina, from Gk. sardine, sardinos, often said to be from Sardo "Sardinia" (see Sardinia), the Mediterranean island, near which the fish were probably caught and from which they were exported. But cf. Klein: "It is hardly probable that the Greeks would have obtained fish from so far as Sardinia at a time relatively so early as that of Aristotle, from whom Athenaios quotes a passage in which the fish sardinos is mentioned." Colloquial phrase packed like sardines (in a tin) is recorded from 1911
urethane=يوريتان
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- 1806, Latinized from Fr. urée (1803), from Gk. ouron "urine" (see urine).
- early 14c., from Old French urine (12c.), from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (cf. Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root *awer- "to moisten, flow" (cf. Sanskrit var "water," Avestan var "rain," Lithuanian jures "sea," Old English wær, Old Norse ver "sea," Old Norse ur "drizzling rain").
- 1838, modeled on Ger. äthyl (Liebig), from Gk. aither (see ether) + hyle "stuff." Ethyl alcohol, under other names, was widely used in medicine by 13c.
- late 14c., "upper regions of
space," from O.Fr. ether and directly from L. aether "the
upper pure, bright air," from Gk. aither "upper air;
bright, purer air; the sky," from aithein "to burn,
shine," from PIE root *aidh- "to burn" (see
edifice).
In ancient cosmology, the element that filled all space beyond the sphere of the moon, constituting the substance of the stars and planets. Conceived of as a purer form of fire or air, or as a fifth element. From 17c.-19c., it was the scientific word for an assumed "frame of reference" for forces in the universe, perhaps without material properties. The concept was shaken by the Michelson-Morley experiment (1887) and discarded after the Theory of Relativity won acceptance, but before it went it gave rise to the colloquial use of ether for "the radio" (1899).
The name also was bestowed c.1730 (Frobenius; in English by 1757) on a volatile chemical compound known since 14c. for its lightness and lack of color (its anesthetic properties weren't fully established until 1842).
orthodox=أرثوذكسي
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- mid-15c., of opinions, faith, from L.L. orthodoxus, from Gk. orthodoxos "having the right opinion," from orthos "right, true, straight" (see ortho-) + doxa "opinion, praise," from dokein "to seem," from PIE root *dek- "to take, accept" (see decent). As the name of the Eastern Church, first recorded in English 1772; in reference to a branch of Judaism, first recorded 1853.
- before vowels orth-, word-forming element meaning "straight, upright, rectangular, regular; true, correct, proper," now mostly in scientific and technical compounds, from Gk. ortho-, stem of orthos "straight, true, correct, regular," from PIE *eredh- "high" (cf. Skt. urdhvah "high, lofty, steep," L. arduus "high, steep," O.Ir. ard "high").
Ulysses=يوليسيس
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- Latin name for Odysseus, from L. Ulysses, Ulixes. Famous for wandering as well as craftiness and ability at deceit. For -d- to -l- alteration, see lachrymose.
- king of Ithaca, from Gk. Odysseus (L. Ulysses), of unknown origin, perhaps related to odyssasthai "to be grieved at, be angry at."
protozoan=بروتوزوا
WIKIPEDIA
Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular
eukaryotic
organisms,[1]
many of which are motile.
Originally, protozoa had been defined as unicellular protists
with animal-like
behavior, e.g., movement.
Protozoa were regarded as the partner group of protists to
protophyta,
which have plant-like behaviour, e.g., photosynthesis.
myETYMOLOGY
Etymology of the English word protozoan
the
English word protozoan
using
the English suffix -an
derived
from the English word Protozoa
derived
from the New Latin word protozoan
derived
from the Greek word zoon,
ζῶον (animal; a live thing; an animal)
derived
from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷei-
(to live)
using
the Byzantine Greek prefix proto-,
πρωτο-
Date
The earliest known usage of protozoan in English dates from the 19th century.Usage
Word found in Modern EnglishProtoplast=بروتوبلازمي
Protoplast, from
the ancient
Greek πρῶτον (first) + verb πλάθω or
πλάττω (to mould: deriv. plastic), initially
referred to the first organized body of a species.
protium=البروتيوم
-->
myETYMOLOGY
Etymology of the English word protium
the
English word protium
using
the English suffix -ium
using
the English prefix prot-
derived
from the New Latin word protium
derived
from the Greek word protos,
πρῶτος (first; foremost (in time, place, order or importance))
derived
from the Proto-Indo-European root *per
using
the Latin suffix -ium
using
the Latin prefix proto-
derived
from the Byzantine Greek prefix proto-,
πρωτο-
Date
The earliest known usage of protium in English dates from the 20th century.Usage
Word found in Modern English
WIKIPEDIA
In physics and chemistry, protium refers to
hydrogen-1, the
most common isotope of the element hydrogen, with one proton and no
neutrons
- Protium (plant) refers to a genus of chiefly tropical American trees in the family Burseraceae, having fragrant wood
- Protium (computer language) is a universal, symbolic programming language system
- In medicine, Protium is a commercial name for
pantoprazole,
a so-called "proton inhibitor" drug
Tuesday, 11 December 2012
Xerox=زيروكس (tradename)
- Xerox=زيروكس (tradename)
- ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- Xerox
- 1952, trademark taken out by Haloid Co. of Rochester, N.Y., for a copying device, from earlier xerography "photographic reduplication without liquid developers" (1948), from Gk. xeros "dry" (see xerasia) + -ography as in photography. The verb is first attested 1965, from the noun, despite strenuous objection from the Xerox copyright department. Related: Xeroxed; Xeroxing.
Monday, 10 December 2012
Zyklon=زيكلون
Zyklon in
German means cyclone and according to ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY
derives from the Greek language
- 1848, coined by British East India Company official Henry Piddington to describe the devastating storm of December 1789 in Coringa, India; irregularly formed from Gk. kyklon "moving in a circle, whirling around," prp. of kykloun "move in a circle, whirl," from kyklos "circle" (see cycle (n.)). Applied to tornados from 1856.
-
- BUT ................. Zyklon=زيكلون was ALSO according to WIKIPEDIA :
- Zyklon B (German pronunciation: [tsykloːn ˈbeː]; also spelled Cyclon B or Cyclone B) was the trade name of a cyanide-based pesticide invented in the early 1920s and infamous for its later use by Nazi Germany to kill human beings in gas chambers of extermination camps during the Holocaust. Zyklon B consisted of hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid), a stabilizer, a warning odorant (ethyl bromoacetate),[Note 1] and one of several adsorbents.
Read further
the WIKIPEDIA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zyklon_B
zephyr=زيفاير
-->
zephyr=زيفاير
(tradename only??)
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- zephyr (n.)
- mid-14c., from O.E. Zefferus, from L. Zephyrus, from Gk. Zephyros "the west wind" (sometimes personified as a god), probably related to zophos "the west, the dark region, darkness, gloom." Sense of "mild breeze" is c.1600.
crystal=الكريستال
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- crystal (n.)
- O.E. cristal "clear ice, clear mineral," from O.Fr. cristal (12c., Mod.Fr. crystal), from L. crystallus "crystal, ice," from Gk. krystallos, from kryos "frost," from PIE root *kru(s)- "hard, hard outer surface" (see crust). Spelling adopted the Latin form 15c.-17c. The mineral has been so-called since Old English; it was regarded by the ancients as a sort of fossilized ice. As a shortened form of crystal-glass it dates from 1590s. As an adjective, from late 14c.
toxoplasmosis=التوكسوبلازما
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- 1660s, from Fr. toxique, from L.L. toxicus "poisoned," from L. toxicum "poison," from Gk. toxikon (pharmakon) "(poison) for use on arrows," from toxikon, neuter of toxikos "pertaining to arrows or archery," and thus to a bow, from toxon "bow," probably from a Scythian word that also was borrowed into Latin as taxus "yew."
- 1712, "form, shape" (earlier plasm), from L.L. plasma, from Gk. plasma "something molded or created," hence "image, figure; counterfeit, forgery; formed style, affectation," from plassein "to mold," originally "to spread thin," from PIE *plath-yein, from root *pele- (2) "flat, to spread" (see plane (n.1)). Sense of "liquid part of blood" is from 1845; that of "ionized gas" is 1928.
typhoid=التيفوئيد
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- 1800, lit. "resembling typhus," from typhus + suffix from Gk. -oeides "like," from eidos "form, shape" (see -oid). The noun is from 1861, a shortened form of typhoid fever (1845), so called because it was originally thought to be a variety of typhus. Typhoid Mary (1909) was Mary Mallon (d.1938), a typhoid carrier who worked as a cook and became notorious after it was learned she had unwittingly infected hundreds in U.S.
- acute infectious fever, 1785, from Modern Latin (De Sauvages, 1759), from Gk. typhos "stupor caused by fever," lit. "smoke," from typhein "to smoke," related to typhos "blind," typhon "whirlwind," ultimately origin unknown. The disease so called from the prostration that it causes.
- word-forming element meaning "like, like that of, thing like a ______," from Latinized form of Gk. -oeides, from eidos "form," related to idein "to see," eidenai "to know;" lit. "to see," from PIE *weid-es-, from root *weid- "to see, to know" (see vision). The -o- is connective or a stem vowel from the previous element.
typhus=التفوئيد
-->
ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- typhus (n.)
- acute infectious fever, 1785, from Modern Latin (De Sauvages, 1759), from Gk. typhos "stupor caused by fever," lit. "smoke," from typhein "to smoke," related to typhos "blind," typhon "whirlwind," ultimately origin unknown. The disease so called from the prostration that it causes.
See also http://www.myetymology.com/english/typhus.html
rhyolite=ريولايت
-->
Oxford Reference Dictionary
n. a fine-grained volcanic rock of granitic composition. Etymology: G Rhyolit f. Gk rhuax lava-stream + lithos stone
basalt=بازلت
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- basalt (n.)
- c.1600, from L.L. basaltes, misspelling of L. basanites "very hard stone," from Gk. basanites "a species of slate used to test gold," from basanos "touchstone." Not connected with salt. Said by Pliny ["Historia," 36.58] to be an African word, perhaps Egyptian bauhan "slate." Any hard, very dark rock would do as a touchstone; the assayer compared the streak left by the alleged gold with that of real gold or baser metals. Hence Gk. basanizein "to be put to the test, examined closely, cross-examined, to be put to torture."
Sunday, 9 December 2012
topology=طوبولوجيا
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- 1948, from Gk. topos, lit. "place."
- word-forming element meaning "a speaking, discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science," from Gk. -logia (often via Fr. -logie or M.L. -logia), from root of legein "to speak;" thus, "the character or deportment of one who speaks or treats of (a certain subject);" see lecture (n.).
WIKIPEDIA
Topology
(from the Greek
τόπος, “place”, and λόγος, “study”) is a major area
of mathematics
concerned with the most basic properties of space, such as
connectedness.
More precisely, topology studies properties that are preserved under
continuous
deformations, including stretching and bending, but not tearing or
gluing
topaz=التوباز
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- topaz (n.)
- colored crystalline gem, late 13c., from O.Fr. topace (11c.), from L. topazus, from Gk. topazos, topazion, of obscure origin. Pliny says it was named for a remote island in the Red or Arabian Sea, where it was mined, but this might be folk etymology from Gk. topazein "to divine, to try to locate;" linguists conjecture a connection with Skt. tapas "heat, fire." In the Middle Ages used for almost any yellow stone. To the Greeks and Romans, possibly yellow olivine or yellow sapphire. In modern science, fluo-silicate of aluminum.
titanium=التيتانيوم
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- early 15c., from L. Titan, from Gk. Titan, member of a mythological race of giants who attempted to scale heaven by piling Mount Pelion on Mount Ossa but were overthrown by Zeus and the gods. They descended from Titan, elder brother of Kronos. Perhaps from tito "sun, day," which is probably a loan-word from a language of Asia Minor. Sense of "person or thing of enormous size" first recorded 1828. Applied to planet Saturn's largest satellite in 1868; it was discovered 1655 by Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens, who named it Saturni Luna "moon of Saturn."
titanic=تايتانيك
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- early 15c., from L. Titan, from Gk. Titan, member of a mythological race of giants who attempted to scale heaven by piling Mount Pelion on Mount Ossa but were overthrown by Zeus and the gods. They descended from Titan, elder brother of Kronos. Perhaps from tito "sun, day," which is probably a loan-word from a language of Asia Minor. Sense of "person or thing of enormous size" first recorded 1828. Applied to planet Saturn's largest satellite in 1868; it was discovered 1655 by Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens, who named it Saturni Luna "moon of Saturn."
- adjective suffix, "having to do with, having the nature of, being, made of, caused by, similar to" (in chemistry, indicating a higher valence than names in -ous), from French -ique and directly from Latin -icus, which in many cases represents Greek -ikos "in the manner of; pertaining to." From PIE *-(i)ko, which also yielded Slavic -isku, adjectival suffix indicating origin, the source of the -sky (Russian -skii) in many surnames.
tiger=تايجر
-->
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- tiger (n.)
- O.E. tigras (pl.), also in part from O.Fr. tigre (mid-12c.), both from L. tigris "tiger," from Gk. tigris, possibly from an Iranian source. The meaning "shriek or howl at the end of a cheer" is recorded from 1845, American English. Tiger's-eye "yellowish-brown quartz" is recorded from 1891.
thyroxine=الثيروكسين
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- thyroxine (n.)
- from thyro-, comb. form of thyroid, + oxy- + indole + chemical suffix -ine (2). So called from the original description of its composition
-
- thyroid (adj.)
- 1690s (in reference to both the cartilage and the gland), from Gk. thyreoiedes "shield-shaped" (in khondros thyreoiedes "shield-shaped cartilage," used by Galen to describe the "Adam's apple" in the throat), from thyreos "oblong, door-shaped shield" (from thyra "door") + -eides "form, shape." The noun, short for thyroid gland, is recorded from 1849.
thymine=الثايمين
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- plant of the mint family, late 14c., from O.Fr. thym, tym (13c.), from L. thymum, from Gk. thymon, possibly from thyein "burn as a sacrifice," which would indicate the plant was used as incense.
- -ine (2)
- chemical suffix, sometimes -in, though modern use distinguishes them; early 19c., from Fr. -ine, from L. -ina, fem. form of suffix used to form adjectives from nouns. In French commonly used to form words for derived substances, hence its extended use in chemistry.
Dynamic=دينامي
-->
Dynamic=دينامي
thermodynamic=دينامي
حراري
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- 1817 as a term in philosophy; 1827 in the sense "pertaining to force producing motion" (the opposite of static), from Fr. dynamique introduced by German mathematician Gottfried Leibnitz (1646-1716) in 1691 from Gk. dynamikos "powerful," from dynamis "power," from dynasthai "to be able, to have power, be strong enough," of unknown origin. The figurative sense of "active, potent, energetic" is from 1856 (in Emerson). Related: Dynamically.
theosophy=الثيوصوفيا
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- 1640s (implied in theosophical), "knowledge about God and nature obtained through mystical study," from M.L. theosophia (c.880), from Late Gk. theosophia (c.500, Pseudo-Dionysus) "wisdom concerning God or things divine," from Gk. theosophos "one wise about God," from theos "god" (see Thea) + sophos "wise, learned" (see sophist). Taken as the name of a modern philosophical system (sometimes called Esoteric Buddhism), founded in New York 1875 as "Theosophical Society" by Madame Blavatsky and others, which combines teachings of Hinduism and Buddhism.
- fem. proper name, from Gk. thea "goddess," fem. equivalent of theos "god," from PIE root *dhes-, root of words applied to various religious concepts, e.g. L. feriae "holidays," festus "festive," fanum "temple."
- 1540s, earlier sophister (late 14c.), from L. sophista, sophistes, from Gk. sophistes, from sophizesthai "to become wise or learned," from sophos "wise, clever," of unknown origin. Gk. sophistes came to mean "one who gives intellectual instruction for pay," and, contrasted with "philosopher," it became a term of contempt. Ancient sophists were famous for their clever, specious arguments.
telescopic=تلسكوبي
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- telescope (n.)
- 1640s, from It. telescopio (used by Galileo, 1611), and Mod.L. telescopium (used by Kepler, 1613), both from Gk. teleskopos "far-seeing," from tele- "far" (see tele-) + -skopos "seeing" (see -scope). Said to have been coined by Prince Cesi, founder and head of the Roman Academy of the Lincei (Galileo was a member). Used in English in Latin form from 1619.
-
- -ic
- adjective suffix, "having to do with, having the nature of, being, made of, caused by, similar to" (in chemistry, indicating a higher valence than names in -ous), from French -ique and directly from Latin -icus, which in many cases represents Greek -ikos "in the manner of; pertaining to." From PIE *-(i)ko, which also yielded Slavic -isku, adjectival suffix indicating origin, the source of the -sky (Russian -skii) in many surnames.
Telegraph/telegram=التلغراف
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- telegram (n.)
- "telegraphic dispatch," 1852, coined by E.P. Smith of Rochester, N.Y., from tele-, as in telegraph + -gram, and introduced in the Albany "Evening Journal" of April 6, 1852. Purists pointed out that this is an erroneous formation, and the correct word would be telegrapheme (which is close to the Modern Greek word).
tectonic=تكتونية
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- tectonic (adj.)
- 1650s, "of or relating to building," from L.L. tectonicus, from Gk. tektonikos "pertaining to building," from tekton (gen. tektonos) "builder, carpenter," from PIE root *tek- "to make" (see texture). The geological sense is recorded from 1894.
talisman=طلسم
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- 1630s, from Fr. talisman, in part via Arabic tilsam (pl. tilsaman), a Greek loan-word; in part directly from Byzantine Gk. telesma "talisman, religious rite, payment," earlier "consecration, ceremony," originally "completion," from telein "perform (religious rites), pay (tax), fulfill," from telos "completion, end, tax" (see tele-).
WIKIPEDIA
rhododendron=رودودندرون
ONLINE
ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
- rose (n.)
- O.E. rose, from L. rosa (source of Italian and Spanish rosa, French rose; also source of Dutch roos, German Rose, Swedish ros, etc.), probably via Italian and Greek dialects from Gk. rhodon "rose" (Aeolic wrodon), ultimately from Persian *vrda-. But cf. Tucker: "The rose was a special growth of Macedonia & the Thracian region as well as of Persia, & the Lat. & Gk. names prob. came from a Thraco-Phrygian source." Aramaic warda is from O.Persian; the modern Persian cognate, via the usual sound changes, is gul, source of Turk. gül "rose." The ultimate source of all this may be PIE *wrdho- "thorn, bramble."
-
- dendro-
- word-forming element meaning "tree," from Gk. dendro-, comb. form of dendron "tree," sometimes especially "fruit tree" (as opposed to hyle "timber"), from PIE *der-drew-, from root *deru- "to be firm, solid, steadfast," specifically used for "wood, tree" (see tree).
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