Sunday, 25 November 2012

thallium=الثاليوم

-->

thallium=الثاليوم

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

thallium (n.)

rare metallic element, 1861, Modern Latin, from Gk. thallos "young shoot, green branch" (see thallus) + element name ending -ium. So called by its discoverer, Sir William Crookes (1832-1919), from the green line in its spectrum by which he detected it.

thallus (n.)

Latin, from Gk. thallos "green shoot, twig," related to thalia "abundance," thalos "scion, child," ultimately from PIE root *dhal- "to bloom" (cf. O.Ir. duilesc, a type of algae).

WIKIPEDIA

Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray poor metal is not found free in nature.

tyrannosaurus=التيرانوصورس

tyrannosaurus=التيرانوصورس; ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
tyrannosaurus (n.)

carnivorous Cretaceous bipedal dinosaur, 1905, Modern Latin genus name, coined by H.F. Osborn (published 1906 in "Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" XXI, p.259) from Gk. tyrannos "tyrant" (see tyrant) + -saurus. Abbreviated name T. rex attested by 1970 (apparently first as the band name).

tyrant (n.)

c.1300, "absolute ruler," from O.Fr. tyrant (12c.), from L. tyrannus "lord, master, tyrant" (cf. Sp. tirano, It. tiranno), from Gk. tyrannos "lord, master, sovereign, absolute ruler," a loan-word from a language of Asia Minor (probably Lydian); cf. Etruscan Turan "mistress, lady" (surname of Venus).

In the exact sense, a tyrant is an individual who arrogates to himself the royal authority without having a right to it. This is how the Greeks understood the word 'tyrant': they applied it indifferently to good and bad princes whose authority was not legitimate. [Rousseau, "The Social Contract"]

The spelling with -t arose in Old French by analogy with prp. endings in -ant. Fem. form tyranness is recorded from 1590 (Spenser); cf. M.L. tyrannissa (late 14c.).

-saurus

element used in forming dinosaur names, Latinized from Gk. sauros "lizard," of unknown origin; possibly related to saulos "twisting, wavering."

terabyte=تيرابايت

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
terabyte (n.): by 1982, from tera- + byte.
tera-: prefix used in forming large units of measure (e.g. terabyte), 1947, from Gk. teras (gen. teratos) "marvel, monster."
byte (n.)

1956, American English; see bit (n.2). Reputedly coined by Dr. Werner Buchholz at IBM.

cable car=téléphérique(french)=التلفريك

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

tele-: word-forming element meaning "far, far off," from Gk. tele-, combining form of tele "far off, afar, at or to a distance," related to teleos (gen. telos) "end, goal, result, consummation, perfection," lit. "completion of a cycle," from PIE *kwel-es- (cf. Skt. caramah "the last," Bret. pell "far off," Welsh pellaf "uttermost"), from root *kwel- (see cycle).

Étymologie (WIKTIONNAIRE)

(Au loin) Du grec ancien τῆλε, tễle (« loin »).

(Télévision) De télévision, un composé du précédent.

(Téléphérique) De téléphérique, id.

téléphérique | téléphériques [plural] | téléférique: téléfériques [plural] | téléfériques [plural]First use: Early 20th centuryOrigin: French, "carrying far" from Greek pherein /φέρειν-φέρω "carry"

التلغراف=telegraph

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
telegraph (n.): 1794, "semaphor apparatus" (hence the Telegraph Hill in many cities), lit. "that which writes at a distance," from Fr. télégraphe, from télé- "far" (from Gk. Tele-/τηλε-; see tele-) + -graphe (see -graphy/γραφή). The signaling device had been invented in France in 1791 by the brothers Chappe, who had called it tachygraphe, lit. "that which writes fast," but the better name was suggested to them by French diplomat Comte André-François Miot de Mélito (1762-1841). First applied 1797 to an experimental electric telegraph (designed by Dr. Don Francisco Salva at Barcelona); the practical version was developed 1830s by Samuel Morse.

tele-

word-forming element meaning "far, far off," from Gk. Tele-/τηλε-, combining form of tele "far off, afar, at or to a distance," related to teleos (gen. Telos/τέλος) "end, goal, result, consummation, perfection," lit. "completion of a cycle," from PIE *kwel-es- (cf. Skt. caramah "the last," Bret. pell "far off," Welsh pellaf "uttermost"), from root *kwel- (see cycle).

graphy: word-forming element meaning "process of writing or recording" or "a writing, recording, or description," from French or Ger. -graphie, from Gk. -graphia /γραφια "description of," from graphein/γράφειν "write, express by written characters," earlier "to draw, represent by lines drawn," originally "to scrape, scratch" (on clay tablets with a stylus), from PIE root *gerbh- "to scratch, carve" (see carve). In modern use, especially in forming names of descriptive sciences.

Saturday, 24 November 2012

tachometer=تاكومتر

التاكومتر مقياس سرعة الدوران

tachometer=تاكومتر

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
tachometer (n.)

1810, from Gk. Tachos/ταχύς-ταχύτητα "speed" + -meter.

-meter

word-forming element meaning "device or instrument for measuring; commonly -ometer, occasionally -imeter; from Fr. -mètre, from Gk. Metron/μέτρο (see meter (n.3)).

meter (n.1): also metre, "poetic measure," O.E. meter "meter, versification," from L. metrum, from Gk. Metron/μέτρο "meter, a verse; that by which anything is measured; measure, length, size, limit, proportion," from PIE root *me- "measure" (see meter (n.2)). Possibly reborrowed early 14c. (after a 300-year gap in recorded use) from O.Fr. metre, with specific sense of "metrical scheme in verse," from L. metrum.

stochastic=الاستوكاستك

stochastic=الاستوكاستك; ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
stochastic (adj.): 1660s, "pertaining to conjecture," from Gk. stokhastikos "able to guess, conjecturing," from stokhazesthai "guess," from stokhos "a guess, aim, target, mark," lit. "pointed stick set up for archers to shoot at" (see sting). The sense of "randomly determined" is first recorded 1934, from Ger. stochastik.

Cybernetics=السبرانية علم الضبط

Cybernetics=السبرانية علم الضبط

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
cybernetics (n.): coined 1948 by U.S. mathematician Norbert Wiener (1894-1964) from Gk. kybernetes "steersman" (metaphorically "guide, governor") + -ics; perhaps based on 1830s Fr. cybernétique "the art of governing."
cybernetic (adj.): 1951, back formation from cybernetics. Gk. kybernetikos meant "good at steering."

Achilles heel=كعب أخيل

Achilles heel=كعب أخيل

Achilles: Greek hero of the Trojan War stories, son of Thetis and Peleus, his name is perhaps a compound of akhos "pain, grief" (see awe) + laos "the people, a people" (see lay (adj.)); or else it is from a pre-Greek language.

Achilles tendon: from Mod.L. tendo Achillis, first used by German surgeon Heister and so-called in reference to the one vulnerable spot of the great Greek hero Achilles, whose mother held him by the heel when she dipped him in the River Styx to render him invulnerable (though this story is not in Homer and not found before 1c. C.E.). Earlier Achilles' sinew, from Mod.L. chorda Achillis, coined 1693 by Dutch anatomist Philip Verheyden when dissecting his own amputated leg. Hence figurative use of heel of Achillies for "vulnerable spot" (1810).

herpes =هربس

-->

herpes =هربس; ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
herpes (n.): late 14c., "inflammatory, spreading skin condition" (used of shingles, gangrene, etc.), from L. herpes "a spreading skin eruption," from Gk. herpes/έρπης, the name for the disease shingles, lit. "creeping," from herpein/έρπω-ερπειν(ερπετό) "to creep" (cognate with L. serpere "to creep;" see serpent). The condition was not distinguished into specific diseases until early 19c.

P.S. In civil engineering we use the technical term ερπυσμος/creep of the concrete.

Friday, 23 November 2012

gangrene=الغنغرينا

-->

gangrene=الغنغرينا

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
gangrene (n.): 1540s, from L. gangraena, from Gk. gangraina "an eating or gnawing sore," lit. "that which eats away," reduplicated form of gran- "to gnaw," from PIE root *gras- (see gastric).

WIKIPEDIA

The etymology of gangrene derives from the Latin word gangraena and from the Greek gangraina (γάγγραινα), which means "putrefaction of tissues".

Arab Idol=أراب أيدول

Arab Idol=أراب أيدول (TV PROGRAM)

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
idol (n.): mid-13c., "image of a deity as an object of (pagan) worship," from O.Fr. idole "idol, graven image, pagan god," from L.L. idolum "image (mental or physical), form," used in Church Latin for "false god," from Gk. eidolon "appearance, reflection in water or a mirror," later "mental image, apparition, phantom," also "material image, statue," from eidos "form" (see -oid). Figurative sense of "something idolized" is first recorded 1560s (in Middle English the figurative sense was "someone who is false or untrustworthy"). Meaning "a person so adored" is from 1590s.; WICTIONARY

From Ancient Greek εἴδωλον (eidōlon, “image, idol”), from εἶδος (eidos, “form”).

Gymnasium=الجمنازيوم

Gymnasium=الجمنازيوم

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

gymnasium (n.): 1590s, "place of exercise," from L. gymnasium "school for gymnastics," from Gk. gymnasion "public place where athletic exercises are practiced; gymnastics school," in plural, "bodily exercises," from gymnazein "to exercise or train," literally or figuratively, lit. "to train naked," from gymnos "naked" (see naked). Introduced to German 15c. as a name for "high school" (more or less paralleling a sense in Latin); in English it has remained purely athletic.

Gorilla=غوريلا

Gorilla=غوريلا; ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
gorilla (n.)

1847, applied to the apes (Troglodytes gorills) by U.S. missionary Thomas Savage, from Gk. gorillai, plural of name given to wild, hairy people in a Greek translation of Carthaginian navigator Hanno's account of his voyage along the N.W. coast of Africa, c.500 B.C.E. Allegedly an African word.

In its inmost recess was an island similar to that formerly described, which contained in like manner a lake with another island, inhabited by a rude description of people. The females were much more numerous than the males, and had rough skins: our interpreters called them Gorillae. We pursued but could take none of the males; they all escaped to the top of precipices, which they mounted with ease, and threw down stones; we took three of the females, but they made such violent struggles, biting and tearing their captors, that we killed them, and stripped off the skins, which we carried to Carthage: being out of provisions we could go no further. [Hanno, "Periplus"]

Of persons perceived as being gorilla-like, from 1884.

Demon=ديمن

-->

Demon=ديمن; ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:
demon (n.): c.1200, from L. daemon "spirit," from Gk. daimon "deity, divine power; lesser god; guiding spirit, tutelary deity" (sometimes including souls of the dead); "one's genius, lot, or fortune;" from PIE *dai-mon- "divider, provider" (of fortunes or destinies), from root *da- "to divide" (see tide).

Used (with daimonion) in Christian Greek translations and Vulgate for "god of the heathen" and "unclean spirit." Jewish authors earlier had employed the Greek word in this sense, using it to render shedim "lords, idols" in the Septuagint, and Matt. viii:31 has daimones, translated as deofol in O.E., feend or deuil in Middle English. Another Old English word for this was hellcniht, lit. "hell-knight."

The original mythological sense is sometimes written daemon for purposes of distinction. The Demon of Socrates was a daimonion, a "divine principle or inward oracle." His accusers, and later the Church Fathers, however, represented this otherwise. The Demon Star (1895) is Algol.

Thursday, 22 November 2012

Platonic=أفلاطوني

-->

Platonic=أفلاطوني

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

Platonic (adj.): 1530s, "of or pertaining to Gk. philosopher Plato" (429 B.C.E.-c.347 B.C.E.). The name is Gk. Platon, properly "broad-shouldered" (from platys "broad;" see place (n.)). His original name was Aristocles. The meaning "love free of sensual desire" (1630s), which the word usually carries nowadays, is a Renaissance notion; it is based on Plato's writings in "Symposium" about the kind of interest Socrates took in young men, which originally had no reference to women. Related: Platonically.; WIKIPEDIA; Plato's influence on Western culture was so profound that several different concepts are linked by being called "platonic" or Platonist, for accepting some assumptions of Platonism, but which do not imply acceptance of that philosophy as a whole.

P.S. There are also the words platonism and Neo-platonism

الأفلاطونية الحديثة أفلاطونية

Wednesday, 21 November 2012

protoplasm=البروتوبلازم

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

protoplasm (n.): 1848, from Ger. Protoplasma (1846), used by German botanist Hugo von Mohl (1805-72), from Gk. proto- "first" (see proto-) + plasma "something molded" (see -plasm). The word was in Late Latin meaning "first created thing," and may have existed in ecclesiastical Greek in a different sense. It was used 1839 by Czech physiologist Johannes Evangelista Purkinje (1787-1869) to denote the gelatinous fluid found in living tissue. This word prevailed, though German language purists preferred Urschleim "original mucus."

proto-

word-forming element meaning "first," from Gk. proto-, comb. form of protos "first," superlative of pro "before" (see pro-).

-plasm

word-forming element meaning "a growth, a development; something molded," from Gk. -plasma, from plasma "something molded or created" (see plasma).

plasma (n.)

1712, "form, shape" (earlier plasm, 1620), from L.L. plasma, from Gk. plasma "something molded or created," from plassein "to mold," originally "to spread thin," from PIE *plath-yein, from root *pele- "flat, to spread" (see plane (n.1)). Sense of "liquid part of blood" is from 1845; that of "ionized gas" is 1928.

plankton=البلانكتون

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

plankton (n.): 1891, from Ger. Plankton (1887), coined by German physiologist Viktor Hensen (1835-1924) from Gk. plankton, neuter of planktos "wandering, drifting," verbal adjective from plazesthai "to wander, drift," from plazein "to drive astray."

WIKIPEDIA

The name plankton is derived from the Greek adjective πλαγκτός - planktos, meaning "errant", and by extension "wanderer" or "drifter".[2] Plankton typically flow with ocean currents

Pyrite=البيريت

-->

Pyrite=البيريت

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

pyrite (n.): "metallic iron disulfide," 1550s, from O.Fr. pyrite (12c.), from L. pyrites, from Gk. pyrites lithos "stone of fire, flint" (so called because it glitters), from pyr (gen. pyros) "fire" (see fire (n.)).

WIKIPEDIA

Pyrite is the most common of the sulfide minerals. The name pyrite is derived from the Greek πυρίτης (puritēs), "of fire" or "in fire",[7] in turn from πύρ (pur), "fire".

Petrology=بترولوجية

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

petrology (n.)

1811 (erroneously as petralogy), from petro- (1) "rock" + -ology.

petro- (1): before vowels petr-, word-forming element used from 19c., from comb. form of Gk. petros "stone," petra "rock" (see petrous).

-ology

word-forming element indicating "branch of knowledge, science," now the usual form of -logy. Originally used c.1800 in nonce formations (commonsensology, etc.), it gained legitimacy by influence of the proper formation in geology, mythology, etc., where the -o- is a stem vowel in the previous element.

-logy

word-forming element meaning "a speaking, discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science," from Gk. -logia (often via Fr. -logie or M.L. -logia), from root of legein "to speak;" thus, "the character or deportment of one who speaks or treats of (a certain subject);" see lecture (n.).

pedology=بيدولوجيا

-->

pedology(???)=?علم التربة/بيدولوجيا

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

pedology (n.)

"scientific study of the soil," 1924, from Gk. Πέδον/pedon "ground, earth," from PIE root *ped- (see foot (n.)) + -logy. Related: Pedological. Earlier it was a word for "the study of children" (1894), from pedo-.

-->

-->

-logy

WIKIPEDIA

Pedology (soil study)

Pedology (from Greek: πέδον, pedon, "soil"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is the study of soils in their natural environment.^[1] It is one of two main branches of soil science, the other being edaphology. Pedology deals with pedogenesis, soil morphology, and soil classification, while edaphology studies the way soils influence plants, fungi, and other living things.

P.S,علم أحوال التربة أو البيدولوجيا (بالإنجليزية:
هو المسار العلمي المعني بجميع جوانب التربة، Pedology)

panorama =بانوراما

-->

panorama =بانوراما

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

panorama (n.): 1796, "a painting on a revolving cylindrical surface," coined c.1789 by inventor, Irish artist Robert Barker, lit. "a complete view," from pan- "all" + Gk. horama "a view," from horan "to look, see" (see warrant (n.)). Meaning "comprehensive survey" is 1801.
pan-

prefix meaning "all, every, whole, all-inclusive," from Gk. pan-, combining form of pas (neut. pan, masculine and neuter genitive pantos) "all," from PIE *pant- "all" (with derivatives found only in Greek and Tocharian). Commonly used as a prefix in Greek, in modern times often with nationality names, the first example of which seems to have been Panslavism (1846). Also panislamic (1881), pan-American (1889), pan-German (1892), pan-African (1900), pan-European (1901), pan-Arabism (1930).

-rama: noun suffix meaning "spectacular display or instance of," 1824, abstracted from panorama, ultimately from Gk. horama "sight."

P.S. Another relative word : panoramic=بانورامي

pantomime=بانتومايم

-->

pantomime=بانتومايم

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

pantomime (n.): 1610s, "mime actor," from L. pantomimus "mime, dancer," from Gk. pantomimos "actor," lit. "imitator of all," from panto- (gen. of pan) "all" (see pan-) + mimos "imitator" (see mime (n.)). Meaning "drama or play without words" first recorded 1735. The English dramatic performances so called, usually at Christmas and with words and songs and stock characters, are attested by this name from 1739; said to have originated c.1717. Related: Pantomimic; pantomimical.
pan-

mime (n.): c.1600, "a buffoon who practices gesticulations" [Johnson], from Fr. mime (16c.) and directly from L. mimus, from Gk. mimos "imitator, mimic, actor, mime, buffoon," of unknown origin. In reference to a performance, 1640s in a classical context; 1932 as "a pantomime."

pantheon=البانثيون

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

pantheon (n.): c.1300, from Pantheon, name of a temple for all the gods built in Rome c.25 B.C.E. by Agrippa (since 609 C.E. made into the Christian church of Santa Maria Rotonda), from Gk. Pantheion (hieron) "(shrine) of all the gods," from pantheion, neuter of pantheios, from pan- "all" (see pan-) + theios "of or for the gods," from theos "god" (see Thea). Sense of any group of exalted persons is first found 1590s.
pan-

Tuesday, 20 November 2012

ontology=أنطولوجيا

-->

ontology (?) =أنطولوجيا

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

ontology (n.): "metaphysical science or study of being," 1660s (Gideon Harvey), from Mod.L. ontologia (c.1600), from onto- + -logy.
onto-

word-forming element meaning "a being, individual; being, existence," from Gk. onto-, from stem of on (gen. ontos) "being," neuter prp. of einai "to be" (see essence).

logy: word-forming element meaning "a speaking, discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science," from Gk. -logia (often via Fr. -logie or M.L. -logia), from root of legein "to speak;" thus, "the character or deportment of one who speaks or treats of (a certain subject);" see lecture (n.).

Pangaea=بانغايا

-->

Pangaea (??) =بانغايا

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

Pangaea: "supercontinent of the late Paleozoic era," 1924, from Gk. pan- "all" (see pan-) + gaia "earth" (see gaia). First attested in German, 1920, in Alfred Wegener's "Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane" (not found in 1914 first edition, according to OED).
pan-

Gaia

Earth as a goddess, from Gk. Gaia, spouse of Uranus, mother of the Titans, personification of gaia "earth," as opposed to heaven, "land," as opposed to sea, "a land, country, soil," a collateral form of ge (Dorian ga) "earth," of unknown origin, perhaps pre-Indo-European. The Roman equivalent goddess of the earth was Tellus (see tellurian), sometimes used in English poetically or rhetorically for "Earth personified" or "the Earth as a planet."

Paleozoic=البايلوزويك

-->

Paleozoic (?) =البايلوزويك

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

Paleozoic (adj.): in reference to the geological era between the Precambrian and the Mesozoic, 1838, coined by Adam Sedgwick (1785-1873) from paleo- + Gk. zoe "life."
paleo-: before vowels pale- word-forming element used in scientific combinations (mostly since c.1870) meaning "ancient, early, prehistoric, primitive," from Gk. palaio-, comb. form of palaios "old, ancient," from palai "long ago, far back," related to palin "again, backwards," tele- "far off, at a distance," from PIE root *kwel- "to turn, move about," also "far" (in space and time); see cycle (n.).

oceanography=الأوقيانوغرافيا

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

oceanography (n.): 1859, coined in English from ocean + -graphy; on analogy of geography. French océanographie is attested from 1580s but is said to have been rare before 1876. Related: Oceanographic.
ocean (n.)

late 13c., from O.Fr. occean "ocean" (12c., Mod.Fr. océan), from L. oceanus, from Gk. okeanos, the great river or sea surrounding the disk of the Earth (as opposed to the Mediterranean), of unknown origin. Personified as Oceanus, son of Uranus and Gaia and husband of Tethys. In early times, when the only known land masses were Eurasia and Africa, the ocean was an endless river that flowed around them. Until c.1650, commonly ocean sea, translating L. mare oceanum. Application to individual bodies of water began 14c.; there are usually reckoned to be five of them, but this is arbitrary; also occasionally applied to smaller subdivisions, e.g. German Ocean "North Sea."

-graphy

word-forming element meaning "process of writing or recording" or "a writing, recording, or description," from French or Ger. -graphie, from Gk. -graphia "description of," from graphein "write, express by written characters," earlier "to draw, represent by lines drawn," originally "to scrape, scratch" (on clay tablets with a stylus), from PIE root *gerbh- "to scratch, carve" (see carve). In modern use, especially in forming names of descriptive sciences.

automatic=إنسان أوتوماتيكي

-->

automatic= ?? إنسان أوتوماتيكي

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

automatic (adj.): "self-acting, moving or acting on its own," 1812, from Gk. automatos, used of the gates of Olympus and the tripods of Hephaestus (also "without apparent cause, by accident"), from autos "self" (see auto-) + matos "thinking, animated" (see automaton). Of involuntary animal or human actions, from 1748, first used in this sense by English physician and philosopher David Hartley (1705-1757). In reference to a type of firearm, from 1877; specifically of machinery that imitates human-directed action from 1940.
auto-

word-forming element meaning "self, one's own, by oneself," from Gk. auto- "self, one's own," combining form of autos "self, same," of unknown origin. Before a vowel, aut-; before an aspirate, auth-. In Greek also used as a prefix to proper names, e.g. automelinna "Melinna herself." The opposite prefix would be allo-.

automaton (n.)

1610s, from L. automaton (Suetonius), from Gk. automaton, neut. of automatos "self-acting," from autos "self" (see auto-) + matos "thinking, animated, willing," from PIE *mn-to-, from root *men- "to think" (see mind (n.)).

autocratic=أتوقراطي

-->

autocratic=أتوقراطي

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

autocratic (adj.)

1823, from Fr. autocratique, from autocrate, from Gk. autokrates (see autocrat). Earlier autocratoric (1670s) was directly from Gk. autokratorikos. Autocratical is attested from 1801.
autocrat (n.): 1803, from Fr. autocrate, from Gk. autokrates "ruling by oneself, absolute, autocratic," from autos- "self" (see auto-) + kratia "rule," from kratos "strength, power" (see -cracy). First used by Robert Southey, with reference to Napoleon. An earlier form was autocrator (1789), used in reference to the Russian Czars. Earliest form in English is the fem. autocratress (1762).

auto-

-cracy: word-forming element forming nouns meaning "rule or government by," from Fr. -cratie or M.L. -cratia, from Gk. -kratia "power, might; rule, sway; power over; a power, authority," from kratos "strength," from PIE *kratus "power, strength" (see hard). The connective -o- has come to be viewed as part of it. Productive in English from c.1800.

octane=أوكتان

-->

octane=أوكتان

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

octane (n.)

hydrocarbon of the methane series, 1872, coined from octo- (see octa-) + -ane; so called because it has eight carbon atoms. A fuel's octane rating, in reference to its anti-knocking quality, is attested from 1932.

octa-

before vowels oct-, word-forming element meaning "eight," from Gk. okta-, okt-, from PIE *okto(u) "eight" (see eight). The variant form octo- often appears in words taken from Latin, but the Greek form is said to be the more common in English.

-ane: word-forming element in chemical use, indicating a chain of carbon atoms with no double bonds, proposed 1866 by German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818-1892) to go with -ene, -ine (2), -one.

Electrode=الالكترود القطب الكهربائي

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

electrode (n.): 1834, coined by English physicist and chemist Michael Faraday (1791-1867) from electro- + Gk. hodos "way" (see cede) on same pattern as anode, cathode.

electro-

before vowels electr-, word-forming element meaning "electrical, electricity," Latinized form of Gk. elektro-, comb. form of elektron "amber" (see electric).

cathode rays=أشعة الكاثود

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY

cathode (n.): 1834, from Gk. kathodos "a way down," from kata- "down" (see cata-) + hodos "way" (see cede). So called from the path the electric current was supposed to take. Related: Cathodic. Cathode ray first attested 1880, but the phenomenon known from 1859; cathode ray tube is from 1905.

cata-

word-forming element from Gk. kata-, before vowels kat-, from kata "down from, down to." Its principal sense is "down," but with occasional senses of "against" or "wrongly." Also sometimes used as an intensive or with a sense of completion of action. Very active in ancient Greek, this prefix is found in English mostly in words borrowed through Latin after c.1500.

WIKIPEDIA:

Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes. If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, the glass opposite of the negative electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from and travelling perpendicular to the cathode (the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply).

Dionysos=ديونيسوس

WIKIPEDIA:

Dionysus (Ancient Greek: Διόνυσος, Dionysos) was the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness and ecstasy in Greek mythology. His name in Linear B tablets shows he was worshipped from c. 1500—1100 BC by Mycenean Greeks: other traces of Dionysian-type cult have been found in ancient Minoan Crete.

Monday, 19 November 2012

synod=سينودس

synod=سينودس

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY

synod (n.): late 14c., "ecclesiastical council," from L.L. synodus, from Gk. synodos "assembly, meeting, conjunction of planets," from syn- "together" (see syn-) + hodos "a going, a way" (see cede). Used by Presbyterians for "assembly of ministers and other elders" from 1593 to c.1920, when replaced by General Council.
syn-

word-forming element meaning "together with," from Gk. syn "with, together with," of unknown origin.

physiognomy=فزيوجنوميه

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY

physiognomy (n.): late 14c., "art of judging characters from facial features," from O.Fr. phizonomie and directly from L.L. physiognomia, from Gk. physiognomia "the judging of a person's nature by his features," from physio- (see physio-) + gnomon (gen. gnomonos) "judge, indicator" (see gnomon). Meaning "face, countenance, features" is from c.1400. Related: Physiognomical.

physio-

word-forming element meaning "nature, natural, physical," from Gk. physio-, comb. form of physios "nature" (see physic).

physic (n.)

c.1300, fysike, "art of healing, medical science," also "natural science" (c.1300), from O.Fr. fisike "natural science, art of healing" (12c.) and directly from L. physica (fem. singular of physicus) "study of nature," from Gk. physike (episteme) "(knowledge) of nature," from fem. of physikos "pertaining to nature," from physis "nature," from phyein "to bring forth, produce, make to grow" (cf. phyton "growth, plant," phyle "tribe, race," phyma "a growth, tumor") from PIE root *bheue- "to be exist, grow" (cf. O.E. beon "to be," see be). Spelling with ph- attested from late 14c. (see ph). As a noun, "medicine that acts as a laxative," 1610s. The verb meaning "to dose with medicine" is attested from late 14c.

gnomon (n.)

"vertical shaft that tells time by the shadow it casts" (especially the triangular plate on a sundial), 1540s, from L. gnomon, from Gk. gnomon "indicator," lit. "one who discerns," from gignoskein "to come to know" (see gnostic (adj.)).

gnostic (adj.): "relating to knowledge," 1650s, from Gk. gnostikos "knowing, able to discern," from gnostos "known, perceived, understood," from gignoskein "to learn, to come to know" (see know).

Sunday, 18 November 2012

Neoclassicism=الكلاسيكية الجديدة

WIKIPEDIA

Neoclassicism (from Greek "neos"-νέος, Latin "classicus" and Greek "ismos"-ισμός)[1] is the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome.

nematode=نيماتودا

-->

nematode=نيماتودا

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:


nematode (n.)

1865, from Mod.L. Nematoda, the class or phylum name.
Nematoda

a class of worms, Modern Latin compound of nemat- "thread" (from Gk. nema, gen. nematos "thread," from stem of nein "to spin;" see needle (n.)) + -odes "like, of the nature of" (see -oid).

WIKIPEDIA

The nematodes ( /ˈ n ɛ m ə t oʊ d z /) or roundworms are traditionally regarded as the phylum Nematoda or Nemathelminthes.[

The group was originally defined by Karl Rudolphi in 1808[18] under the name Nematoidea, from Ancient Greek νῆμα (nêma, nêmatos, 'thread') and -eiδἠς (-eidēs, 'species'). It was reclassified as family Nematodes by Burmeister in 1837[18] and order Nematoda by K. M. Diesing in 1861.[18]

morphine=مورفين

ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

morphine (n.): chief alkaloid of opium, 1828, from Fr. morphine or Ger. Morphin (1816), name coined by German apothecary Friedrich Sertürner (1783-1840) in reference to L. Morpheus, Ovid's name for the god of dreams, from Gk. morphe "form, shape, beauty, outward appearance," perhaps from PIE *merph-, a possible Greek root meaning "form," of unknown origin. So called because of the drug's sleep-inducing properties.

WIKIPEDIA

Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve severe pain. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more widely used after the invention of the hypodermic needle in 1857. It took its name from the Greek god of dreams Morpheus (Greek: Μορφέας).[2]